LOCATION TEMVIK ND+SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Temvik silt loam - near the crest of a convex north facing 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. Where described the soil was moist throughout.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky and weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many roots; many very fine pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined A horizons 5 to 13 inches thick)
Bw1--7 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium prismatic and weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many roots; many pores; faint clay films on vertical faces and common faint clay films on horizontal faces of peds; few thin tongues of Ap extend into this horizon; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--11 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common roots; common fine pores; faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bw3--20 to 24 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; common fine pores; few pebbles and stones at the base of this horizon; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined Bw horizons 10 to 33 inches thick)
2Bk1--24 to 36 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redox concentrations; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; about 3 percent gravel; many medium and few large masses of carbonates; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bk2--36 to 44 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; weak coarse and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; about 3 percent gravel; common masses of carbonates; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual boundary. (Combined Bk horizons 12 to 24 inches thick.)
2C--44 to 60 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) clay loam, olive gray (5Y 5/2) moist; weak subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; about 3 percent gravel; few small masses of carbonates; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Emmons County, North Dakota; about 1/2 mile north of Hazelton; 2,605 feet north and 280 feet east of the southwest corner, sec. 20, T. 135 N., R. 76 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The silty loess material is 20 to 40 inches thick over the underlying glacial till. The silty loess material contains between 18 and about 28 percent clay. The soil ranges from neutral in the upper horizons to moderately alkaline in the lower horizons. The mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches in thickness.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It typically is silt loam and less commonly silty clay loam, loam or clay loam and contains between 10 and 30 percent very fine sand. It is neutral.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 3 or 4 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It typically is silt loam and less commonly silty clay loam, loam or clay loam and contains between 10 and 30 percent very fine sand. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. Some pedons have a 2Bw horizon that formed in the underlying glacial till.
The 2Bk horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7 dry and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay loam or loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It has few to many masses of carbonates and contains from 4 to 20 percent calcium carbonate equivalent. Some pedons have 2BCk horizons. Some pedons have a Bk horizon that formed in the silty loess material.
The 2C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam or clay loam glacial till containing 2 to 8 percent coarse fragments. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Soft bedded sandstone, siltstone or shale is below depths of 40 inches in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amsterdam, Bryant, Golva, Omio, Peritsa and Sen series. Amsterdam soils contain substantial amounts of volcanic glass shards and are in intermountain valleys. Bryant soils formed entirely in glacial drift and contain more sand in the upper part of the solum. Golva soils do not have glacial till 2C horizons. Omio and Sen soils have soft siltstone bedrock within depths of 40 inches. Peritsa soils contain carbonates within depths of 14 inches and have hue of 5YR or redder throughout the soil.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Temvik soils are on level to rolling upland plains. Slopes are dominantly smooth plane or convex. Slope gradients typically are 0 to 5 percent but range to 15 percent. The soil formed in a silty loess mantle overlying loam or clay loam glacial till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 34 to 45 degrees F and mean annual precipitation from 12 to 18 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Grassna, Linton, Mandan and Williams soils. Grassna soils are in concave swales. They have mollic epipedons commonly 24 inches or more thick. Linton soils occur where the silty loess deposits are more than 40 inches thick. They are coarse-silty. Mandan soils are in swales. They have mollic epipedons more than 16 inches thick and contain less than 18 percent clay throughout the series control section. Williams soils are on adjacent glacial till plains and are typically on higher lying parts of the landscape. They are fine-loamy and have argillic horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is medium or rapid. Permeability is moderate in the silty loess mantle and moderately slow in the glacial till.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are commonly cropped to flax, small grains and corn. Some areas are used for hay and pasture. Native vegetation is green needlegrass, needleandthread, western wheatgrass, blue grama, upland sedges and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central North Dakota and north-central South Dakota adjacent to the Missouri River. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Burleigh County, North Dakota, 1971.
REMARKS: Revised 8/94.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 11 inches (Ap and Bw1 horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from 11 to 24 inches (Bw2 and Bw3 horizons).
The silty loess mantle is thinner than typical for the range of the series and thus there is more sand in the 10- to 40-inch-control section than normal for the series.
ADDITIONAL DATA: S54NDak-15-1 and S54NDak-15-2 published in Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 2.