LOCATION BRYANT SD+MT NDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Bryant loam - on convex, east-facing slope of 3 percent in a cultivated field. When described the soil was dry throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure and moderate fine and medium granular; slightly hard, very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)
Bw--8 to 15 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few rock fragments; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 19 inches thick)
Bk1--15 to 19 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few rock fragments; common medium accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence (17 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bk2--19 to 32 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; massive; soft, friable; few rock fragments; common coarse accumulations of carbonates; violent effervescence (24 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined Bk horizons 8 to 25 inches thick)
C--32 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; many medium prominent relic redoximorphic concentrations of reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/8) and light gray (10YR 7/1); massive; soft, friable; few coarse fragments; strong effervescence (14 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Edmunds County, South Dakota; about 3 1/2 miles west of Roscoe; 2360 feet east and 215 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 21, T. 123 N., R. 71 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 11 to 27 inches and typically is less than 20 inches. The particle-size control section typically contains 26 to 30 percent clay but ranges from 22 to 35 percent. It contains 2 to 40 percent sand, of which less than 15 percent is fine sand or coarse sand. The lower part of the control section contains 2 to 15 percent clay-size carbonates. A few rock fragments or boulders are on the surface or throughout the soil in most pedons.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1.5 or 2. It is loam or silt loam. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is silt loam, loam, clay loam or silty clay loam. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, silt loam or silty clay loam. It has a calcium carbonate equivalent of 15 percent or more in some part of the Bk horizon and is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, silt loam, clay loam or silty clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Thin strata of very fine sand or fine sand are in some pedons. Loam or clay loam glacial till is between depths of 40 and 60 inches in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amsterdam, Golva, Omio, Peritsa, Sen and Temvik soils. Amsterdam soils have calcium carbonate equivalent of less than 15 percent and are influenced by volcanic ash in the lower horizons. Golva soils formed in silty alluvium on fans and foot slopes. Omio, Peritsa and Sen soils have bedrock between depths of 20 and 40 inches. Temvik soils have glacial till between depths of 20 and 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bryant soils are on nearly level to strongly sloping uplands. Surfaces are plane or convex, and slope gradients range from 0 to 25 percent. These soils formed in calcareous silty glacial drift, reworked loess or loess. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 14 to 20 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Temvik soils and the Amor, Bowbells, Farland, Grassna, Mondamin, Morton, Niobell, Noonan, Sutley, Williams and Wilton soils. Amor soils are fine-loamy and are on similar nearby landscapes. Bowbells, Grassna and Mondamin soils are on lower part of the landscape. Bowbells soils are fine-loamy and a have a mollic epipedon thicker than 16 inches. Farland soils have argillic horizons and are on lower parts of the landscape. Grassna soils have mollic epipedons greater than 16 inches thick and are on similar landscapes. Mondamin soils have a fine-textured argillic horizon and formed in ice-walled lake deposits. Morton soils have argillic horizons, bedrock between depths of 20 to 40 inches and are on lower parts of the landscape. Niobell, Noonan and Williams soils are in nearby glacial till plains. Niobell and Noonan soils have a natric horizon. Williams soils have an argillic horizon and are fine-loamy. The coarse-silty Sutley soils and the Temvik soils are on similar landscapes. Wilton soils are on less sloping or concave positions and have a thicker mollic epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well-drained. Runoff is slow on 0 to 2 percent slopes and medium or rapid on 2 to 25 percent slopes. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Areas are cropped to corn, oats, spring wheat, flax and alfalfa. Native vegetation includes green needlegrass, western wheatgrass, needle-and-thread and blue grama.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central South Dakota and south-central North Dakota east of the Missouri River. It is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Edmunds County, South Dakota, May 29, 1973.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 15 inches (Ap and Bw horizons); calcic horizon - the zone from about 15 to 32 inches (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Reference Pedon No. S70SD-22-16, Samples Nos. - 711823-711827.