LOCATION APPOMATTOX VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Appomattox gravelly sandy loam (in an area of Appomattox-Cullen complex, 2 to 7 percent slopes), forested. (Colors are for moist soil, unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky and angular blocky structure; friable; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; 27 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 14 inches)
Bt1--6 to 9 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; weak fine medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--9 to 36 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; very sticky, plastic; common, fine, medium and coarse roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--36 to 49 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate thin and medium platy structure; firm; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium and coarse distinct dark red (10R 3/6) and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; common medium prominent very pale brown (10YR 7/4) iron depletions; few fine roots; 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--49 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate thin and medium platy structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; common faint clay films on ped faces; common medium and coarse distinct dark red (10R 3/6) and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries and light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions with sharp boundaries; 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; masses of oxidized iron and iron depletions are relic redoximorphic features. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 35 to 60 or more inches.)
TYPE LOCATION: Appomattox County, Virginia; about 0.75 mile east of Oakville on Virginia 608, 0.5 mile north northwest and 316 feet from the intersection of Virginia 657 and Virginia 608, 700 feet north of Westvaco logging road; USGS Unknown, VA topographic quadrangle; lat. 00 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds N. and long. 00 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of Argillic horizon: 1 to 15 inches
Depth to base of Argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches or more
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Depth to top of Seasonal High Water Table: 36 to 40 inches, December to March
Depth to base of Seasonal High Water Table: 42 to 60 inches or more, December to March
Depth to Lithologic Discontinuity: 36 to more than 144 inches to residual material
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 35 percent in the A, E, and the upper part of the B horizons, and 0 to 60 percent in subhorizons of the lower part of the B horizon, and variable in the C horizon; mostly gravel and cobbles of igneous and metamorphic rock
Mica Content: 0 to 20 percent, by volume throughout
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout, unless limed
Other features: Some pedons have B horizons with platy structure and 5 percent, by volume or less plinthite.
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 6. Eroded phases included hue of 2.5YR or 5YR.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Eroded phases include clay loam.
E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
BA horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Bt horizon:
Color--typically, hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 6 or 8. Some pedons have hue of 5YR or are variegated in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. Clay content ranges from 35 to 80 percent in the upper part and 27 to 45 percent in the lower part.
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown. These features may be relic or contemporary depending upon depth criteria for taxonomic classification.
BC horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 6 or 8. Some pedons have hue of 5YR or are variegated in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. This horizon is generally coarser in texture than the Bt and commonly contains a higher content of rock fragments.
Relic redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
C or 2C horizon (if they occur):
Color--highly variable and typically variegated
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--variable, ranging from loam to clay
Relic redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
COMPETING SERIES:
Bentley soils--have a browner hue in the subsoil
Cliquot soils--are moderately deep to bedrock, and formed from in colluvium and the underlying residuum from shale or interbedded shale and sandstone
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont upland
Landform: Low hill, fan
Geomorphic Component: Interfluve, head slope, side slope, and nose slope
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder, backslope, footslope
Parent Material: Capping from mixed crystalline rock colluvium and old alluvium over residuum
Slope: 0 to 45 percent
Elevation: 200 to 800 feet
Frost Free Period: 160 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation: 40 to 55 inches
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Nathalie soils--are well drained, have moderate permeability, and formed in residuum from felsic crystalline rock; on similar landforms
Clifford soils--are well drained, have moderate permeability, and formed in residuum from mixed metamorphic rocks; on similar landforms
Clover soils--are well drained, have moderate permeability, and formed in residuum from Triassic age materials; on similar landforms
Halifax soil--are moderately well drained, have slow permeability, and formed in residuum from felsic crystalline rock; on similar landforms
Fairview soils--are well drained, have moderate permeability, and formed in residuum from mixed metamorphic rocks; on similar landforms
Minnieville soils--are well drained, have moderate or moderately slow permeability, and formed in residuum from mixed metamorphic rocks; on similar landforms
Toast soils--are well drained, have moderate permeability, and formed in residuum from mixed metamorphic rocks; on similar landforms
Turbeville soils--formed in old alluvium; on high stream terraces
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches) to bedrock
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Moderately deep (36 to 40 inches), common (present 3 to 6 months), thin or thick (12 to 40 inches or more)
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Medium to very high
Permeability: Moderately slow
Shrink-Swell Potential: Moderate
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Woodland, however, some acreage is used for growing cultivated crops and pasture.
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, small grain, hay, apple and peach orchards, berries, and vegetables. Where wooded--upland oaks, dogwood, hickory, yellow poplar, and Virginia pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Virginia, North Carolina, and other southern states adjacent to the Blue Ridge Mountains
Extent: Small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Appomattox County, Virginia, 1993.
REMARKS: The parent material of Appomattox soils has substantial amounts of gibbsite and is high in oxides, however, mineralogical analysis does not support a oxidic versus mixed family.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 6 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 6 to 65 inches (Bt horizon)
Aquic conditions--periodic saturation and reduction within 36 to 60 inches of the soil surface, and one or more unsaturated layers within 80 inches of the surface, occurring below the periodically saturated zone (episaturation)
Other soil features identified with this pedon:
Lithologic discontinuity-
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 80 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory Data: Laboratory analysis of 16 pedons has been completed by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Database Information:
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--434882
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation VA0288 APPOMATTOX 0-45 52-57 160-205 40-55 200-800SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness VA0288 NONE 3.0-3.3 PERCHED DEC-MAR >60 -
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- VA0288 0- 6 FSL SL 0-5 75-100 10-20 - VA0288 0- 6 GR-SL GR-FSL 5-10 55-75 10-20 - VA0288 0- 6 CL L 0-5 75-100 27-40 - VA0288 6-36 CL GR-SC C 0-15 50-100 35-80 - VA0288 36-65 CL SC CBV-C 0-30 35-100 27-45 -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll VA0288 0-6 4.5-6.0 1.0-2.0 0-0 0.6-6.0 LOW VA0288 0-6 4.5-6.0 1.0-2.0 0-0 0.6-6.0 LOW VA0288 0-6 4.5-6.0 0.5-1.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW VA0288 6-36 4.5-6.0 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.2-0.6 MODERATE VA0288 36-65 4.5-6.0 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-6.0 LOW