LOCATION CLIFFORD NC+VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Kanhapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Clifford fine sandy loam (in an area of Clifford fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes), in mixed hardwood and pine forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; many fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (1 to 9 inches thick)
BA--5 to 13 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; common fine tubular pores; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--13 to 17 inches; 80 percent red (2.5YR 4/6) and 20 percent red (2.5YR4/8) clay loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common fine tubular pores; common discontinuous faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--17 to 48 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky, slightly plastic; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common fine tubular pores; few discontinuous faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 50 inches.)
BC--48 to 58 inches; red (10R 4/6) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine tubular pores; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
C--58 to 72 inches; 80 percent red (2.5YR 5/8) and 20 percent reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) loam saprolite; massive; friable, few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Caswell County, North Carolina; about 3.3 miles south of Yanceyville, 0.05 mile east from intersection of Secondary Road 1736 and North Carolina Highway 62, on Secondary Road 1736, 60 feet north in wooded area; USGS Anderson topographic quadrangle; lat. 36 degrees 21 minutes 29 seconds N. and long. 79 degrees, 20 minutes, 5 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of Argillic horizon: 1 to 15 inches
Depth to base of Argillic horizon: 35 inches or more
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 35 percent in the A and E horizons and 0 to 15 percent in the B and C horizons; mostly gravel and cobbles
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout. Limed soils are typically moderately acid or slightly acid in the upper part.
Mica Content: 0 to 30 percent, by volume, mica flakes
Other Features: Clayey part (greater than 35 percent clay) of the argillic horizon is 24 or more inches thick and typically extends to a depth of 30 inches or more
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Eroded phases include sandy clay loam or clay loam.
E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
BA horizon or BE horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 6 or 8. Pedons with hue of 5YR lack evident patterns of non-redoximorphic mottling.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Non-redoximorphic mottles (if they occur)--masses of saprolite in shades of shades of red, brown, or yellow
BC horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 or 6, chroma of 4 to 8.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Non-redoximorphic mottles (if they occur)--masses of saprolite in shades of shades of red, brown, or yellow
C horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 10YR, value of 4 or 6, chroma of 4 to 8 or is variegated in shades of yellow, red, brown, black, or white
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam saprolite
Non-redoximorphic mottles (if they occur)--masses of saprolite in shades of shades of red, brown, or yellow
COMPETING SERIES:
Fairview soils--the clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of less than 30 inches and is less than 25 inches thick
Hayesville soils--are on landforms above 2000 feet elevation
Nathalie soils--have Bt horizons with yellower hue
Toast soils--the clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of less than 30 inches, is less than 25 inches thick, and has Bt horizons with yellower hue
Westfield soils--have paralithic contact at 40 to 60 inches
Woolwine soils--have paralithic contact at 20 to 40 inches
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont uplands
Landform: Hill, interfluve
Geomorphic Component: Interfluve, side slope, nose slope
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder, backslope
Parent Material: Residuum weathered from felsic crystalline rock such as mica schist, gneiss, granite gneiss, mica gneiss, granodiorite, and granite
Slope: 2 to 60 percent
Elevation: 300 to 1400 feet
Frost Free Period: 160 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 52 to 57 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 40 to 55 inches
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Braddock soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Buckhall soils--have mixed mineralogy and a browner subsoil; on similar landforms
Elioak-formed from micaceous crystalline rocks such as muscovite schist; on similar landforms
Fairview soils--the clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of less than 30 inches and is less than 25 inches thick; on similar landforms
Minnieville soils--formed from hornblende gneiss or hornblende schist and have moderate shrink-swell potential; on similar landforms
Rhodhiss soils--have a fine-loamy particle-size class; on similar landforms
Stott Knob soils--have paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches and have a fine-loamy particle-size class; on similar landforms
Toast soils--the clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of less than 30 inches and is less than 25 inches thick, and has a browner subsoil; on similar landforms
Westfield soils--have paralithic contact at a depth of 40 to 60 inches; on similar landforms
Wintergreen soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Woolwine soils--have paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches; on similar landforms
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep (greater than 72 inches)
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Low to high
Permeability: Moderate
Shrink-Swell Potential: Low
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cultivated crops, pasture, and forest
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--small grains, corn, soybeans, hay, tobacco, and orchards. Where forested--Eastern white pine, Virginia pine, red oak, white oak, post oak, hickory, blackgum, red maple, yellow poplar, and dogwood.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Virginia and North Carolina
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Henry County, Virginia; 1996.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 5 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 13 and 48 inches (Bt horizon)
Kandic horizon--the zone between 13 and 58 inches (Bt and BC horizons)
Other soil features identified with this pedon:
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 60 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory Data: Lab data for the typical pedon and supporting pedons is available from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Database Information:
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--To be developed
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation CLIFFORD 2-60 52-57 160-205 40-55 300-1400FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NONE >.6.0 - - >80 -
Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- 0-13 SL FSL L 0-5 80-100 5-20 1-5 0-13 GR-SL GR-L GR-FSL 5-5 55-85 5-20 1-5 0-13 SCL CL 0-5 75-100 20-35 5-10 13-58 C CL 0-5 92-100 35-70 3-12 58-72 VAR - - - 1-12
Depth -pH- O.M. Permeab Shnk-Swll 0-13 4.5-6.0 0.5-1.0 2.0-6.0 LOW 0-13 4.5-6.0 0.5-1.0 2.0-6.0 LOW 0-13 4.5-6.0 0.5-1.0 0.6-2.0 LOW 13-58 4.5-6.0 0.0-0.5 0.6-2.0 LOW 58-72 - - - -