LOCATION TOAST NC+VA
Established Series
RJL-DCC/Rev. JAK
05/2026
TOAST SERIES
MLRA(s): 136 (mesic part)
Soil Survey Regional Office (SSRO) Responsible: Southeast
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Index Surface Runoff: Medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately high
Shrink-Swell Potential: Low
Landscape: Piedmont uplands
Landform: Interstream divides, ridges, and side slopes
Parent Material: Residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock
Slope: 2 to 60 percent
Elevation (type location): 341 meters (1120 feet)
Frost Free Period (type location): 174 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 14 degrees C (57 degrees F)
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 1168 millimeters (46 inches)
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Kanhapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Toast coarse sandy loam (in an area of Toast coarse sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, rocky), on a convex 4 percent slope in a highway right of way. (Colors are for moist soil, unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) coarse sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), dry; weak coarse granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common fine flakes of mica; 5 percent fine quartz gravel; very strongly acid; 2 percent, by volume fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) bodies of B material; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 30 centimeters (1 to 12 inches) thick)
Bt1--20 to 36 centimeters (8 to 14 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; 15 percent faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and 15 percent prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) mottles; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; many fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine mica flakes; 5 percent, by volume fine quartz gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--36 to 58 centimeters (14 to 23 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; 15 percent faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and 15 percent prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to moderate medium platy; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; many fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine mica flakes; 5 percent, by volume fine quartz gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 61 centimeters (8 to 24 inches)
BC--58 to 74 centimeters (23 to 29 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay; 25 percent faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and 25 percent prominent light red (2.5YR 6/8) mottles; moderate medium platy structure; friable, slightly plastic, slightly sticky; few fine roots; few fine tubular pores; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on horizontal faces of peds; common medium and many fine mica flakes; 5 percent, by volume fine quartz gravel; strongly acid; 10 percent pockets of sandy clay loam; structure faces are along rock spalls gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 38 centimeters (3 to 15 inches) thick)
C--74 to 152 centimeters (29 to 60 inches); variegated red, brown, yellow, and gray coarse sandy loam granite saprolite; massive; friable; many fine and medium mica flakes; 5 percent, by volume fine quartz gravel; 10 percent pockets of sandy clay loam; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Surry County, North Carolina; about 4.0 miles southwest of Mt. Airy, 1.0 mile west of the intersection of I-74 and U.S. 601 on I-74, in the right of way south of the connector; USGS Dobson, North Carolina topographic quadrangle.
Latitude--36.4605
Longitude-- -80.6578
Datum--WGS84
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of Argillic horizon: 2 to 38 centimeters (1 to 15 inches)
Depth to base of Argillic horizon: 38 to 76 centimeters (15 to 30 inches) or more
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 152 centimeters (60 inches)
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 152 centimeters (60 inches)
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 15 percent throughout; mostly gravel
Mica Content: 0 to 20 percent, by volume mica flakes in the A, E, and upper part of the B horizon, and 0 to 30 percent in the lower B and C horizons
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid, unless limed. Limed soils are typically moderately acid or slightly acid in the upper part.
Other Features: Clayey part (greater than 35 percent clay) of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of less than 76 centimeters (30 inches) and is less than 63 centimeters (25 inches) thick
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon or A horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 2 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam. Eroded phases include sandy clay loam or clay loam.
E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
BE or BA horizons (it they occur):
Color--hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8. Some pedons lack a dominant color and hue of 5YR or 2.5YR is included. The redder hues make up less than 50 percent of the matrix.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Mottles (if they occur)--non-redoximorphic or lithochromic mottles in shades of red, brown, or yellow
BC horizon or BCt or CB horizon (if they occur):
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 4 to 8. Some pedons have hue of 2.5YR.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
Mottles (if they occur)--non-redoximorphic or lithochromic mottles in shades of shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive
C/B horizon (if it occurs):
C part--same properties as C horizon
B part--same properties as Bt, BC, or BCt horizon
C horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8, or it is variegated in shades of red, brown, yellow, olive, or gray.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam saprolite. Some pedons have seams of clayey material in relic rock fractures.
COMPETING SERIES:
Clifford soils--have a redder subsoil, the clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of more than 76 centimeters (30 inches) and is 63 to 152 centimeters (25 to 60 inches) thick
Fairview soils--have a redder subsoil
Nathalie soils--have a thick (63 to 152 centimeters (25 to 60 inches) thick) clayey Bt horizon
Westfield soils--have a depth to soft bedrock of 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches)
Woolwine soils--have a depth to soft bedrock of 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches)
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont uplands
Landform: Interstream divides, ridges, and side slopes
Parent Material: Residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock; mostly granites
Slope: 2 to 60 percent
Elevation: 91 to 427 meters (300 to 1400 feet)
Frost Free Period: 160 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1016 to 1397 millimeters (40 to 55 inches)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Bannertown soils--are moderately deep to bedrock and coarse loamy; on similar landforms
Braddock soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Buckhall soils--have mixed mineralogy and moderate shrink-swell potential
Clifford soils--have redder subsoil, the clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of more than 76 centimeters (30 inches) and is 63 to 152 centimeters (25 to 60 inches) thick; on similar landforms
Elioak soils--have redder subsoil, do not have a kandic horizon, and formed from felsic crystalline rock high in mica
Fairview soils--have redder subsoil; on similar landforms
Minnieville soils--formed from hornblende gneiss or hornblende schist and have moderate shrink-swell potential; on similar landforms
Poplar Forest soils--have a redder subsoil and more mica in the subsoil; on similar landforms
Rhodhiss soils--are fine-loamy; on similar landforms
Stott Knob soils--have soft bedrock at a depth of 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) and are fine-loamy; on similar landforms
Westfield soils--have soft bedrock at a depth of 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches); on similar landforms
Wintergreen soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Woolwine soils--have soft bedrock at a depth of 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches); on similar landforms
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Agricultural Drainage Class: Well drained
Index Surface Runoff: Medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cropland, pasture, and woodland.
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, tobacco, small grain, hay, and apples. Where forested--Eastern white pine, Virginia pine, red oak, white oak, post oak, hickory, blackgum, red maple, yellow poplar, and dogwood.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: North Carolina and Virginia
Extent: Moderate
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Surry County, North Carolina; 2003.
REMARKS: Toast soils were previously mapped as Wedowee soils. The April 1997 relocation of the mesic/thermic line in MLRA 136 necessitated the establishment of the Toast series as a mesic counterpart to the Wedowee series. The May 2026 revision changed the format. No data was changed.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone 0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches) (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 20 to 58 centimeters (8 to 23 inches) (Bt horizon)
Kandic horizon--the zone from 20 to 74 centimeters (8 to 29 inches) (Bt and BC horizons). CEC/clay ratio by ammonium acetate at pH 7.0 is 14.3 cmol (weighted average).
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory Data: No laboratory data available.
Database Information:
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--82671
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
TOAST 2-60 52-57 160-205 40-55 300-1400
FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
NONE >6.0 - - >60 -
Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
0-8 SL COSL L 0-2 75-100 5-20 4-10
0-8 SCL CL 0-2 75-100 20-30 2-10
8-29 SC CL C 0-2 75-100 35-60 2-12
29-60 LS LCOS L SCL 0-2 75-100 10-30 1-10
Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
0-8 3.6-5.5 0.5-3.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW
0-8 3.6-5.5 0.5-1.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW
8-29 3.6-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW
29-60 3.6-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-6.0 LOW
________________________________________
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.