LOCATION TOAST              NC+VA
Established Series
RJL-DCC/Rev. JAK
07/2004

TOAST SERIES


MLRA(s): 136 (mesic part)
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Very deep
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Low to high
Permeability: Moderate
Shrink-Swell Potential: Low
Landscape: Piedmont upland
Landform: Hill, ridge, interfluve
Geomorphic Component: Crest, interfluve, side slope, nose slope, head slope
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder, backslope
Parent Material: Residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock
Slope: 2 to 60 percent
Elevation (type location): 1120 feet
Frost Free Period (type location): 174 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 57 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 46 inches

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Kanhapludults

TYPICAL PEDON: Toast coarse sandy loam (in an area of Toast coarse sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, rocky), on a convex 4 percent slope in a highway right of way. (Colors are for moist soil, unless otherwise indicated.)

Ap--0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) coarse sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), dry; weak coarse granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common fine flakes of mica; 5 percent fine quartz gravel; very strongly acid; 2 percent, by volume fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) bodies of B material; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 12 inches thick)

Bt1--8 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; 15 percent faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and 15 percent prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) mottles; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; many fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine mica flakes; 5 percent, by volume fine quartz gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2--14 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; 15 percent faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and 15 percent prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to moderate medium platy; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; many fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine mica flakes; 5 percent, by volume fine quartz gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 8 to 24 inches)

BC--23 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay; 25 percent faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and 25 percent prominent light red (2.5YR 6/8) mottles; moderate medium platy structure; friable, slightly plastic, slightly sticky; few fine roots; few fine tubular pores; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on horizontal faces of peds; common medium and many fine mica flakes; 5 percent, by volume fine quartz gravel; strongly acid; 10 percent pockets of sandy clay loam; structure faces are along rock spalls gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)

C--29 to 60 inches; variegated red, brown, yellow, and gray coarse sandy loam granite saprolite; massive; friable; many fine and medium mica flakes; 5 percent, by volume fine quartz gravel; 10 percent pockets of sandy clay loam; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Surry County, North Carolina; about 4.0 miles southwest of Mt. Airy, 1.0 mile west of the intersection of I-74 and U.S. 601 on I-74, in the right of way south of the connector; USGS Dobson, NC topographic quadrangle; lat. 36 degrees 27 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 80 degrees 39 minutes 30 seconds W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of Argillic horizon: 1 to 15 inches
Depth to base of Argillic horizon: 15 to 30 inches or more
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 15 percent throughout; mostly gravel
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid, unless limed. Limed soils are typically moderately acid or slightly acid in the upper part.
Mica Content: 0 to 20 percent, by volume mica flakes in the A, E, and upper part of the B horizon, and 0 to 30 percent in the lower B and C horizons
Other Features: Clayey part (greater than 35 percent clay) of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of less than 30 inches and is less than 25 inches thick

RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:

Ap horizon or A horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 2 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam. Eroded phases include sandy clay loam or clay loam.

E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam

BE or BA horizons (it they occur):
Color--hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Bt horizon:
Color--dominantly, hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8. Some pedons lack a dominant color and hue of 5YR or 2.5YR is included. The redder hues make up less than 50 percent of the matrix.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Mottles (if they occur)--non-redoximorphic or lithochromic mottles in shades of red, brown, or yellow

BC horizon or BCt or CB horizon (if they occur):
Color--dominantly, hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 4 to 8. Some pedons have hue of 2.5YR.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
Mottles (if they occur)--non-redoximorphic or lithochromic mottles in shades of shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive

C/B horizon (if it occurs):
C part--same properties as C horizon
B part--same properties as Bt, BC, or BCt horizon

C horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8, or it is variegated in shades of red, brown, yellow, olive, or gray.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam saprolite. Some pedons have seams of clayey material in relic rock fractures.

COMPETING SERIES:
Clifford soils--clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of more than 30 inches and is 25 to 60 inches thick
Fairview soils--have redder subsoil
Hayesville soils--are at elevations above 2000 feet
Nathalie soils--have a thick (25 to 60 inches thick) clayey Bt horizon
Westfield soils--have soft bedrock at 40 to 60 inches
Woolwine soils--have soft bedrock at 20 to 40 inches

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont upland
Landform: Hill, ridge, interfluve
Geomorphic Component: crest, Interfluve, side slope, nose slope, head slope
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder, backslope
Parent Material: Residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock; mostly granites
Slope: 2 to 60 percent
Elevation: 300 to 1400 feet
Frost Free Period: 160 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 52 to 57 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 40 to 55 inches

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Braddock soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Buckhall soils--have mixed mineralogy and moderate shrink-swell potential
Clifford soils--clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of more than 30 inches and is 25 to 60 inches thick; on similar landforms
Elioak soils--have redder subsoil, do not have a kandic horizon, and formed from felsic crystalline rock high in mica
Fairview soils--have redder subsoil; on similar landforms
Minnieville soils--formed from hornblende gneiss or hornblende schist and have moderate shrink-swell potential; on similar landforms
Rhodhiss soils--are fine-loamy in the particle-size control section; on similar landforms
Stott Knob soils--have soft bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40 inches and a fine-loamy particle-size class particle-size control section; on similar landforms
Westfield soils--have soft bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches; on similar landforms
Wintergreen soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Woolwine soils--have soft bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40 inches; on similar landforms

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches) to bedrock
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Very deep
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Low to high
Permeability: Moderate
Shrink-Swell Potential: Low

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cultivated crops, pasture, and woodland.
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, tobacco, small grain, hay, and apples. Where forested--Eastern white pine, Virginia pine, red oak, white oak, post oak, hickory, blackgum, red maple, yellow poplar, and dogwood.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Virginia and North Carolina
Extent: moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Surry County, North Carolina; 2003.

REMARKS: Toast soils were previously mapped as Wedowee soils. The April 1997 relocation of the mesic/thermic line in North Carolina and Virginia necessitated the establishment of the Toast series as a mesic counterpart to the Wedowee series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 8 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 8 to 23 inches (Bt horizon)
Kandic horizon--the zone from 8 to 29 inches (Bt and BC horizons). CEC/clay ratio by ammonium acetate at pH 7.0 is 14.3 cmol (weighted average).
Other soil features identified with this pedon:
Series control section--0 to 60 inches

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory Data: No laboratory data available.
Database Information:
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--82671

TABULAR SERIES DATA:

Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation 
TOAST      2-60   52-57    160-205    40-55   300-1400

FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NONE >6.0 - - >60 -

Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- 0-8 SL COSL L 0-2 75-100 5-20 4-10 0-8 SCL CL 0-2 75-100 20-30 2-10 8-29 SC CL C 0-2 75-100 35-60 2-12 29-60 LS LCOS L SCL 0-2 75-100 10-30 1-10

Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll 0-8 3.6-5.5 0.5-3.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW 0-8 3.6-5.5 0.5-1.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW 8-29 3.6-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW 29-60 3.6-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-6.0 LOW


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.