LOCATION ATAYAK                  AK

Established Series
SAS/TJR/MPR
02/2022

ATAYAK SERIES

Landscape--plains
Landform--escarpments
Slope--45 to 85 percent
Parent material--colluvium over drift over residuum
Mean annual precipitation--about 1100 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 0 degrees C
Depth class--deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Typic Humicryepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Atayak very cobbly sandy loam on an east-northeast-facing, linear backslope of an escarpment, on a slope of 58 percent at an elevation of 341 m (The soil was moist throughout when described on July 21, 2012.)

A1--0 to 9 cm; very cobbly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, many fine, and common medium and coarse roots; 20 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; extremely acid (pH 3.9); clear smooth boundary

A2--9 to 20 cm; very cobbly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to coarse roots; 25 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; extremely acid (pH 4.3); clear smooth boundary

Bw--20 to 43 cm; very gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine and common medium and coarse roots; 30 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.1); gradual smooth boundary

2C--43 to 120 cm; extremely cobbly sandy loam, pale yellow (5Y 7/3) dry, olive (5Y 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine to medium roots; 40 percent gravel and 40 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.8)

2R--120 cm; bedrock

TYPE LOCATION: Dillingham Census Area, Alaska, about 105 km north northeast of the village of Togiak; latitude 59.9932254 degrees north, longitude 159.8362831 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined with a GPS)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--0 to 3 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry less than 45 consecutive days in June through October (udic moisture regime)
Depth to lithic contact--100 to 150 cm below the soil surface (deep)
Lithology of rock fragments--sedimentary, volcanic
Other features--umbric epipedon; lithologic discontinuity

Particle-size control section
*Clay content--5 to 20 percent
*Sand content--25 to 75 percent
*Total rock fragment content--35 to 85 percent

A horizon
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma--1 to 3 moist
Clay content--4 to 10 percent
Reaction--3.7 to 5.5
Total rock fragment content--20 to 50 percent
Gravel content--10 to 45 percent
Cobble content--5 to 20 percent
Stone content--0 to 5 percent
Combined thickness--18 to 30 cm
Organic carbon content--2 to 5 percent
Base saturation--0 to 20 percent

BC horizon
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 or 4 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma--2 or 3 moist
Fine-earth texture--sandy loam, coarse sandy loam
Clay content--4 to 10 percent
Reaction--5.0 to 6.0
Total rock fragment content--35 to 75 percent
Gravel content--30 to 70 percent
Cobble content--0 to 20 percent
Stone content--0 to 10 percent
Thickness--10 to 60 cm
Organic carbon content--1.0 to 2.5 percent

2C horizon
Hue--10YR to 5Y
Value--3 to 5 moist, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma--2 or 3 moist
Fine-earth texture--sandy loam, silt loam
Clay content--4 to 20 percent
Reaction--5.0 to 6.0
Total rock fragment content--40 to 85 percent
Gravel content--30 to 80 percent
Cobble content--5 to 40 percent
Stone content--0 to 5 percent
Thickness--10 to 122 cm
Organic carbon content--0 to 1 percent

COMPETING SERIES:
Buell--more than 150 cm (very deep) to lithic bedrock; mean annual soil temperature of 4 degrees C
McCall--more than 150 cm (very deep) to lithic bedrock; mean annual soil temperature higher than 4 degrees C
Moran--more than 150 cm (very deep) to lithic bedrock
Walcott--more than 150 cm (very deep) to lithic bedrock

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--5 to 820 m
Climate--warm, moist summers; cold, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--620 to 2000 mm
Mean annual air temperature-- -3.2 to 1.8 degrees C
Frost-free period--75 to 135 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Klak--ochric epipedon; andic soil properties; spodic horizon; lower mountain slopes
Nagugun--ochric epipedon; andic soil properties; spodic horizon; glaciated plains
Goodnews--ochric epipedon; cambic horizon; shallow; glaciated plains
Awayak--ochric epipedon, frequent flooding; flood plains
Longarm--ochric epipedon; aquic conditions; occasional flooding; flood plains
Pegati--andic soil properties; swales
Kwethluk--ochric epipedon; andic soil properties; glaciated plains and outwash terraces
Pungokepuk--ochric epipedon; andic soil properties; spodic horizon; redoximorphic concentrations; swales

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high in the A and Bw horizons; moderately high or high in the 2C horizon

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation, subsistence
Potential natural vegetation--alder, bluejoint, spreading woodfern, western oakfern, red elderberry, claspleaf twistedstalk

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Ahklun Mountains, Alaska; MLRA 237; small extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham Census Area, Alaska; 2019

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm
*Umbric epipedon--A horizon
*Cambic horizon--Bw horizon
*Depth to lithic bedrock--120 cm below the soil surface

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.