LOCATION AWAYAK                  AK

Established Series
SAS/ABD/MPR
02/2022

AWAYAK SERIES

Landscape--mountain valleys
Landform--flood plains
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Parent material--alluvium
Mean annual precipitation--about 1300 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 0 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--moderately well drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--oxyaquic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed Oxyaquic Cryofluvents

TYPICAL PEDON: Awayak silt loam on a 1-percent slope of a linear flood plain at an elevation of 336 m (When described on July 21, 2012, the soil was moist to a depth of 55 cm and wet and satiated throughout the rest of the profile.)

A--0 to 8 cm; silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and common very fine and medium roots; neutral (pH 7.1); abrupt smooth boundary

2C--8 to 150 cm; extremely gravelly coarse sand, gray (2.5Y 5/1) dry, very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to medium roots; 65 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.9)

TYPE LOCATION: Dillingham Census Area, Alaska, about 105 km north-northeast of the village of Togiak; latitude 59.9955588 degrees north, longitude 159.8350059 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined with a GPS)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--0 to 3 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry less than 45 consecutive days in June through October (udic moisture regime)

Particle-size control section
*Clay content--0 to 5 percent
*Sand content--90 to 100 percent
*Total rock fragment content--35 to 85 percent

A horizon
Value--2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma--2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Fine-earth texture--silt loam, sandy loam
Clay content--5 to 12 percent
Reaction--5.5 to 7.1
Thickness--2 to 17 cm

2C horizon
Hue--5Y, 2.5Y, 10YR
Value--3 or 4 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma--1 to 4 moist, 3 to 6 dry
Fine-earth texture--coarse sand, sand
Clay content--0 to 3 percent
Reaction--6.0 to 7.0
Total rock fragment content--50 to 85 percent
Gravel content--50 to 85 percent
Cobble content--0 to 35 percent
Thickness--more than 148 cm

COMPETING SERIES:
Beehive--ustic soil moisture regime
Jonescreek--pH of 7.6 to 8.4

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--5 to 700 m
Climate--warm, moist summers; cold, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--580 to 2000 mm
Mean annual air temperature-- -2.6 to 1.8 degrees C
Frost-free period--70 to 140 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Longarm--aquic conditions; reduced matrix; similar landscape positions
Atayak--umbric epipedon; lithic contact; not subject to flooding; escarpments
Ongivinuck--rare flooding; similar landscape positions
Klak--not subject to flooding; mountain slopes
Nagugun--not subject to flooding; glaciated plains
Pegati--not subject to flooding; swales on mountains
Pungokepuk--not subject to flooding; swales on plains
North--not subject to flooding; mountain slopes
Sundaycreek--not subject to flooding; alluvial fans

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class-moderately well drained
Flooding--frequent, very brief
Saturation in normal years--below a depth of 0 to 25 cm in May, September, and October; below a depth of 50 to 100 cm during the rest of the year
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high or high in the A horizon, very high in the 2C horizon

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation, subsistence
Potential natural vegetation--bluejoint, fireweed, shrubby cinquefoil, field horsetail, woolly geranium, Schreber's big red stem moss, tall Jacob's-ladder, ledge stonecrop, Barclay's willow, Bebb willow, Canadian burnet, grayleaf willow, tealeaf willow

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Ahklun Mountains, Alaska; MLRA 237; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham Census Area, Alaska; 2019

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm
*Ochric epipedon
*Depth to lithologic discontinuity--top of 2C horizon

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.