LOCATION AURAND OH
Established Series
Rev. KEM-RMG-RAR
09/2012
AURAND SERIES
The Aurand series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that are deep to dense till. They formed in loamy glaciolacustrine material 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) thick and the underlying till. They are on lake plains and beach ridges. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 mm (36 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Aurand loam, on a slightly convex footslope of a beach ridge in a cultivated field at an elevation of 233 meters (765 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moderately cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches) thick]
Bt1--28 to 43 cm (11 to 17 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on vertical faces of peds; common medium faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moderately cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--43 to 56 cm (17 to 22 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on vertical faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moderately cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--56 to 74 cm (22 to 29 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam with thin strata of sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moderately cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 38 to 76 cm (15 to 30 inches).]
Btg--74 to 84 cm (29 to 33 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam with thin strata of sandy loam and loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moderately cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent discontinuously in the matrix; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 18 cm (7 inches) thick]
2BC--84 to 122 cm (33 to 48 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on vertical faces of peds; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) calcium carbonate coatings on vertical faces of peds; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual irregular boundary. [25 to 63 cm (10 to 25 inches) thick]
2Cd--122 to 157 cm (48 to 62 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; massive, with widely spaced vertical fractures; very firm; common fine and medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2Cdg--157 to 203 cm (62 to 80 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; massive, with widely spaced vertical fractures; very firm; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Hancock County, Ohio; approximately 1.2 miles east of McComb, in Portage Township; about 800 feet north and 540 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 2 N., R. 10 E.; USGS McComb, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 06 minutes 43 seconds N. and long. 83 degrees 45 minutes 47 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 63 to 132 cm (25 to 52 inches)
Thickness of the solum: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Depth to the densic contact: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the loamy glaciolacustrine material: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 63 to 127 cm (25 to 50 inches)
Rock fragments: glacial erratics, primarily of limestone, dolostone, and crystalline lithology
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or is neutral
Value: 2, 2.5 or 3 (5 or less dry)
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Btg or Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam or the gravelly analogs of these textures; commonly stratified with thin subhorizons of sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part and neutral or slightly alkaline in the lower part
Some pedons have a BC horizon.
Some pedons have a 2Bt or 2Btg horizon.
2BC or 2BCg horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or is neutral
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 0 to 4
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 27 to 42 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 7 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
2Cd or 2Cdg horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or is neutral
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 0 to 4
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 27 to 42 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 7 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 30 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Crane,
Mokena,
Nachusa,
Nenno, and
Tiderishi series. None of these soils have a densic contact within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Aurand soils are on lake plains and beach ridges of late Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The soils formed in loamy glaciolacustrine material 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) thick and the underlying till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 686 to 914 mm (27 to 36 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F). Frost-free period is 140 to 165 days. Elevation is 183 to 244 meters (600 to 800 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the well drained
Fox,
Oshtemo, and
Shawtown soils on beach ridges; the moderately well drained
Vaughnsville soils on convex footslopes of beach ridges; the somewhat poorly drained
Haskins soils on slight rises; and the very poorly drained
Hoytville and
Mermill soils on broad flats and swales of lake plains.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent perched high water table ranges from 15 to 46 cm (0.5 to 1.5 feet) between December and May in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is very low to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the upper part of the solum and moderately low in the lower part of the solum and low in the substratum. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum, moderately slow or slow in the lower part of the solum, and slow or very slow in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: A large proportion is under cultivation, primarily corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay. A relatively small proportion is in woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest, principally ash, beech, elm, and maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Ohio, and possibly northeastern Indiana and southern Michigan; MLRA 99. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hancock County, Ohio, 1997.
REMARKS: Aurand soils are being converted from Mermill and Haskins soils during modernization projects in MLRA 99.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 28 cm (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 28 to 84 cm (Bt, Btg horizons).
Densic contact: at 122 cm (top of the 2Cd horizon).
Aquic conditions: redox features visible in all horizons below a depth of 28 cm.
Supporting laboratory data is needed to confirm the presence of densic materials in the 2Cd horizon.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory characterization data (HK-44) from The Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory is available for the typical pedon.
Representative data mapunit is DMU ID 129960 in MO 11.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.