LOCATION AMIRET                  MN

Established Series
Rev. RCG-AGG-TWN
05/2016

AMIRET SERIES

The Amiret series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in loamy, calcareous, friable till. These soils are on convex knolls and side slopes on ground moraines and till plains. Slope ranges from 2 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 800 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Amiret loam, on a convex slope of 3 percent, on the summit of a knoll, on a till plain, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium granular; friable; common fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--18 to 30 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bw--30 to 51 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bk1--51 to 76 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; carbonates segregated in common light gray (10YR 7/2) rounded soft masses; about 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk2--76 to 127 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium platy; friable; calcium carbonates segregated in common light gray (10YR 7/2) rounded fine soft masses; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations and few fine distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions; few strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations on ped exteriors; about 6 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

BCk1--127 to 170 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak medium platy structure; friable; calcium carbonates segregated in few light gray (10YR 7/2) rounded fine soft masses; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations and few fine distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions; few strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations on ped exteriors; few fine black (10YR 2/1) manganese accumulations in ped exteriors; about 6 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

BCk2--170 to 203 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; friable; calcium carbonates segregated in few light gray (10YR 7/2) rounded fine soft masses; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations; few strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations on ped exteriors; common fine black (10YR 2/1) manganese accumulations in ped exteriors; about 6 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Renville County, Minnesota subset; about 4 miles east and 8 miles south of the town of Sacred Heart; located about 175 feet north and 2,000 feet east of the southwest corner of section 13, T. 114 N., R. 37 W.; USGS Mount Iverson Lake topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 40 minutes 23 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 15 minutes 04 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mollic epipedon thickness--17 to 49 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--35 to 100 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 32 percent
Sand content in particle-size control section (weighted average)--25 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 8 percent, mixed lithology, shale fragments 2 to 10 millimeters in size, are common

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--18 to 32 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Moist bulk density--1.35 to 1.45 g/cc
Thickness--15 to 49 centimeters

Some pedons have a AB or BA horizon less than 15 centimeters thick

Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--18 to 32 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Moist bulk density--1.30 to 1.45 g/cc
Thickness--10 to 60 centimeters

Bk horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--18 to 32 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Calcium carbonate equivalent--15 to 25 percent; 5 percent or more higher than the underlying horizon(s)
Moist bulk density--1.35 to 1.55 g/cc
Thickness--30 to 150 centimeters

BCk, Ck, BC or C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--18 to 32 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Calcium carbonate equivalent--10 to 20 percent
Moist bulk density--1.35 to 1.55 g/cc

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Annton and Ves series.
Annton--have a clay content of 24 to 35 percent and a moist bulk density range of 1.45 to 1.65 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Ves--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy, calcareous, friable till
Landform--convex knolls and side slopes on ground moraines and till plains
Slope--2 to 6 percent
Elevation--210 to 560 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--610 to 930 millimeters
Frost-free period--140 to 180 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Canisteo, Glencoe, Normania, Seaforth, Swanlake, Ves, and Webster soils.
Canisteo--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated from the surface to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Glencoe--are on lower landscape positions in depressions and have a mollic epipedon 60 to more than 200 centimeters thick
Normania--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.5 and 1.2 meters during the wettest periods of the year when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Seaforth--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have carbonates in all parts of the series control section
Swanlake--are on higher landscape positions on convex side slopes and have carbonates in all parts of the series control section
Ves--are on higher landscape positions on convex side slopes and do not have a frequently saturated zone within the series control section during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Webster--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated from the surface to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone between 1.0 to 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, small grains and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Section--Western lake section
MLRA--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103)
LRR--M; south-central and southwestern Minnesota
Extent--moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
MLRA SSO 10-ALB (Albert Lea, Minnesota).

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Renville County, Minnesota, 1995.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters; series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon-- the zone from the surface to a depth of 30 centimeters (Ap and A horizon);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 30 to 51 centimeters (Bw horizon); calcic horizon--the zone from a depth of 51 to 127 centimeters (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons);
udic moisture regime.

This soil was formerly included in the Ves series. However, it was separated due to soil saturation in the lower part of the pedon in normal years.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--refer to Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station CFC numbers 4605, 4606, and 1314 for results of similar pedons.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.