LOCATION APPANOOSE               IA

Established Series
Rev. JDH-FFR-RJB
06/2015

APPANOOSE SERIES

The Appanoose series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed in loess. These soils are on nearly level interfluves on dissected till plains and treads on high loess-covered stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 955 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Albaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Appanoose silt loam, on a slope of less than 1 percent, in a cultivated field. (All colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak thick platy structure parting to weak thin platy; friable; fine roots; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) masses (oxides); moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (12 to 26 centimeters thick)

E--20 to 36 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/1) dry; moderate medium platy structure parting to weak thin platy; friable; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) dry silt coats on plates; common fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) masses (oxides); few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (9 to 16 centimeters thick)

BE--36 to 38 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, faces of peds light brownish gray (10YR 6/2); moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; many white (10YR 8/1) dry silt coats on faces of peds; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 6 centimeters thick)

Btg1--38 to 51 centimeters; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay, with streaks of very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2); strong very fine angular and subangular blocky structure; very firm; few distinct clay films; common fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) concretions (oxides); common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg2--51 to 66 centimeters; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay, some dark gray (10YR 4/1) on faces of peds; strong fine and very fine angular and subangular blocky structure; very firm; common distinct clay films; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) concretions (oxides); many fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3--66 to 84 centimeters; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses (oxides); many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg4--84 to 104 centimeters; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) concretions; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg horizon is 36 to 125 centimeters.)

BCg1--104 to 150 centimeters; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) concretions; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

BCg2--150 to 173 centimeters; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) masses (oxides); common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 109-Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain; Appanoose County, Iowa subset; about 2 miles south and 1/2 mile west of Numa; located about 460 feet east and 2,400 feet north of the southwest corner of section 25, T. 68 N., R. 19 W.; USGS Centerville West topographic quadrangle; lat 40 degrees 39 minutes 32 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 59 minutes 58 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--greater than 150 centimeters
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--48 to 55 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 5 percent

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--18 to 24 percent
Sand content-less than 5 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

E horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--20 to 27 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid

BE horizon (when present):
Hue--2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--27 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid

Btg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content--35 to 60 percent
Sand content--less than 5 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid

Subhorizons more than 25 centimeters thick have a clay content of less than 55 percent

BCg or Cg horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value--5 or 6
Chroma--2
Texture--silty clay or silty clay loam
Clay content--27 to 45 percent
Sand content--less than 5 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES:
These are the Adco, Awbrig, Belinda, Chariton, Dayton, Glensted, Putnam, Rubio, and Wagner series.
Adco--are frequently saturated at a depth of 0.3 during the wettest periods of normal years and have dominant chroma of 3 or 4 in some part of the upper 50 centimeters of the argillic horizon
Awbrig--are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 1,010 to 1,270 millimeters and have a lithologic discontinuity within a depth of 31 centimeters
Belinda--have a clay content that averages 42 to 48 percent in the particle-size control section
Chariton--have a sand content of more than 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Dayton--are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 1,010 to 1,270 millimeters and have a lithologic discontinuity within a depth of 61 centimeters
Glensted--have a clay content that averages 42 to 48 percent in the particle-size control section and have a rock fragment (chert) content of 1 to 30 percent in the lower half of the series control section
Putnam--have a strongly expressed abrupt clay increase between the ochric and the argillic horizon and have a horizon(s) 25 centimeters or more thick with a clay content of 55 percent or more
Rubio--have a clay content that averages 35 to 42 percent in the particle-size control section
Wagner--have a clay content that averages 40 to 47 percent in the particle-size control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loess
Landform--nearly level interfluves on dissected till plains and treads on high loess-covered stream terraces
Slope--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--240 to 335 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--9 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--865 to 1,040 millimeters
Frost-free period--170 to 180 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Edina, Kniffin, and Rathbun soils.
Edina--are in landscape positions similar to the Appanoose soils and have a mollic epipedon
Kniffin--are in slightly lower landscape positions on side slopes and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Rathbun--are in slightly lower landscape positions on side slopes and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of normal years and have an ochric epipedon that ranges from 4 to 12 centimeters thick

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained--these soils are frequently saturated at the soil surface during the wettest portions of normal years and both perched and apparent saturation can occur on this soil based on the season and intensity of rainfall during a given period of time
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--0.01 to 0.10 micrometers per second (low)
Surface runoff potential--negligible to high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, hay, or pasture. Some areas are in woodland. The native vegetative cover is a mixed herbaceous and woody community commonly inhabited with Green Ashes, American Elms, Common Hackberries, Eastern Cottonwoods, American Sycamores, Silky Dogwoods, Black Willows, Wild Black Currants, Riverbank Grapes, Grays Sedges, Hop Sedges, Virginia Wildryes, Stiff Bedstraws, White Avens, Wood Nettles, False Nettles, Canadian Clearweeds, and Common Bonesets.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109)
LRR M; southern and southeastern Iowa
Extent--small

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Appanoose County, Iowa, 1970.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 38 to 88 centimeters (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, and Btg4 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, E, BE, Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, Btg4, and BCg1 horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 36 centimeters (Ap and E horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 20 to 36 centimeters (E horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 38 to 104 centimeters (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, and Btg4 horizons);
aquic moisture regime.

Some pedons do not have the 20 percent clay increase within a depth of 7.5 centimeters (as required for abrupt clay increase), but maximum clay content of the argillic horizon is twice as much as the clay content of the overlying horizons.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska - user pedon IDs 69IA007001 and 69IA007003 (http://ssldata.nrcs.usda.gov/).

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.