LOCATION BARNWELL SCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Barnwell loamy sand--on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; few small and medium ironstone concretions; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 25 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds and along old root channels; few medium ironstone concretions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--25 to 45 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries in the matrix; common small and medium ironstone concretions and small quartz pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 45 inches.)
BCd1--45 to 53 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, dense, firm in place; common fine streaks of loamy sand; common coarse prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries and common coarse prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions with diffuse boundaries; common white (10YR 8/1) pockets of kaolin clay; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
BCd2--53 to 75 inches; 35 percent very pale brown (10YR 7/3), 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), and 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam with strata of sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, dense, firm in place; common medium prominent red (10R 4/8) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Bamberg County, South Carolina; About 4 miles north of Denmark on US Highway 321; 4.2 miles west on SC Highway 49; site is 200 feet south of road. Lat. 33 degrees 22 minutes 03 seconds N., Long. 81 degrees 12 minutes 13 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the sandy surface and subsurface layers: 3 to 19 inches
Depth to top of the Argillic or Kandic horizon: 3 to 19 inches
Depth to the base of the Argillic horizon: 35 to 80
Depth to contrasting soil material (lithologic discontinuity): 35 to more than 80 inches
Depth to densic materials: 40 to more than 60 inches
Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout, except where limed
Mica content: 0 to 20 percent
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 40 to 60 inches, November to April
Rock Fragment content: 0 to 35 percent, by volume throughout
Content of mica: None to 20 percent
Other Feature: 40 to 60 inches to a densic BC horizon with firm or very firm moist consistence
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon or A horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
E horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Bt horizon (upper part):
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam or sandy clay loam
Bt horizon (lower part):
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8 or is variegated in shades of these colors
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray below 40 inches
BCd horizon or BC, 2BC, or 2BCd horizons (where present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray below 40 inches
C, Cd, 2C, or 2Cd horizons (where present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8, or it is variegated in shades of these colors
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray below 40 inches
COMPETING SERIES:
Cowarts soils--have sola less than 40 inches thick and may or may not have densic materials
Marvyn soils--lack densic materials
Springhill soils--have redder hues and lack densic materials
Vaucluse soils--have fragic soil properties within the Bt horizon and may or may not have densic materials
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Middle and upper coastal plain
Landform: Uplands
Hillslope Profile Position: Summits, shoulders, backslopes
Geomorphic Component: Interfluves, side slopes
Parent Material: Marine deposits
Elevation: 150 to 450 feet
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 59 to 70 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 38 to 52 inches
Frost Free Period: 190 to 245 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Ailey soils--have arenic epipedons and fragic properties within the Bt horizons
Cowarts soils--have sola less than 40 inches thick and may or may not have densic materials
Marvyn soils--lack densic materials
Springhill soils--have redder hues and lack densic materials
Vaucluse soils--have fragic soil properties within the Bt horizon and may or may not have densic materials
Uchee soils--have arenic epipedons and lack densic materials
Bonneau soils--have arenic epipedons and lack densic materials
Neeses soils--are in a fine particle-size family and lack densic materials
Noboco soils--have pale clay distribution and lack densic materials
Norfolk soils--have pale clay distribution and lack densic materials
Orangeburg soils--have pale clay distribution and lack densic materials
Troup soils--soils have grossarenic epipedons and lack densic materials
Wagram soils--have arenic epipedons and lack densic materials
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Deep and transitory
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible to high
Permeability: Moderately slow to slow
Shrink-swell potential: Low
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Truck and row crops
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--watermelon, canteloupe, wheat, soybean, cotton, and corn. Where wooded--mixed hardwoods and pines.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Southern Coastal Plain in South Carolina, and possibly Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bamberg County, South Carolina, 1997.
REMARKS: 11/2002 revised restriction for 2 chroma depletions from below 36 inches to below 40 inches. No effect on existing correlation. Series no longer crosses subgroup boundary between Oxyaquic and Typic. Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 8 inches (Ap horizon).
Kandic horizon--the zone between 8 and 45 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Densic materials--the zone from 45 to 75 or more inches (BCd horizons)