LOCATION BATTEAU VAInactive Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Batteau loam-on a 2 percent slope-cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 13 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; dark yellowish brown (01YR 4/4) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine and medium roots; common fine discontinuous pores; few fine flakes of mica; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Ap and A horizons are 10 to 24 inches thick)
Bw1--13 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots; common fine discontinuous pores; few fine flakes of mica; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--18 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine discontinuous pores; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw3--32 to 48 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; few fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine and medium discontinuous pores; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw4--48 to 62 inches; mottled dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine and medium discontinuous pores; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid. (Combined thickness of Bw horizon is 20 to 60 inches or more)
TYPE LOCATION: Nelson County, Virginia; 1.5 miles east 110 degrees of the junction of Highways VA-626 and VA-647, and 1.8 miles west 268 degrees of the junction of Highways VA-56 and VA-647; 37o38'14" latitude, 78o45'17" longitude.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 30 to 60 inches or more. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Gravel and cobble size rock fragments commonly range from 0 to 15 percent throughout the soil, but may range to 60 percent in the Bw and C horizons below 40 inches. Reaction is moderately acid through neutral.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y; value of 3 moist, 3 through 5 dry; and chroma of 2 through 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. The A horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y; value of 3 moist, 3 through 5 dry; and chroma of 2 through 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 7, and chroma of 3 through 6. It has mottles within 20 inches of the soil surface in shades of yellow, brown, red, and gray. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Silt loam and silty clay loam are limited to individual subhorizons in some pedons.
The C horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 7, and chroma of 3 through 8. It has mottles in shades of yellow, brown, red, and gray. Texture is sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Some pedons are stratified.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no known series in the same family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Batteau soils are on flood plains of the Piedmont plateau. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. They formed in alluvium derived from granite, gneiss, schist, limestone, shale, siltstone, sandstone, phyllite, and greenstone. The mean annual temperature ranges from 57 to 62 degrees F. Annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 45 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chewacla, Galtsmill (tentative), Riverview, Toccoa, Wehadkee, Wingina (tentative), and Yogaville (tentative) soils. These soils are on flood plains. Chewacla, Riverview, Toccoa, and Wehadkee soils do not have thick dark surface layers. Galtsmill and Wingina soils do not have gray mottles within 20 inches of the soil surface. Wehadkee and Yogaville soils have gray mottles higher in the profile.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is slow. Permeability is moderate. This soil is subject to flooding.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used primarily for hay, cropland, and pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Flood plains within the Piedmont Plateau in Virginia, mainly along the major rivers that have headwaters in the Southern Appalachian Ridge and Valley. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nelson County, Virginia, 1992.
REMARKS: This soil has been previously mapped as Chewacla, Codorus, Monacan, and Rowland soils.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Mollic epipedon-the zone from 0 to 13 inches (Ap horizon).
2. Cambic horizon-the zone from 13 to 62 inches (Bw horizon).
SIR=VA0380
MLRA=136
REVISED=5/27/92, MHC
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data for 25 pedons of this and related soils from study of flood plains of the James River available from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and available in draft manuscript currently titled "Western Virginia Holocene-Alluvial Soil Classification", Document number VAES Bulletin 91-x, September 4, 1991, W. J. Edmonds and M. Crouch.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation VA0380 BATTEAU 0- 5 57- 62 175-215 35- 45 100- 600SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness VA0380 RARE COMMON 1.0-2.5 APPARENT NOV-MAR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- VA0380 0-13 SL FSL 0- 0 75-100 5-20 2- 15 VA0380 0-13 L SIL 0- 0 75-100 7-27 2- 15 VA0380 13-62 SL CL L 0- 0 75-100 7-35 2- 15
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll VA0380 0-13 5.6- 7.8 1.-4. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW VA0380 0-13 5.6- 7.8 1.-4. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW VA0380 13-62 5.6- 7.8 0.-2. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW