LOCATION BECIDA MN
Established Series
Rev. DLA-MAA-JJB
07/2013
BECIDA SERIES
The Becida series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in loamy lodgment till of the Wadena Lobe of the late Wisconsin glaciation. These soils are on linear or slightly concave toeslopes of drumlins and moraines. These soils are deep to a densic contact. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 720 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 6 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Mollic Glossaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Becida loam, on a slightly concave slope of 1 percent, on the toeslope of a drumlin, at an elevation of about 435 meters in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots; about 1 percent 2 to 75 millimeter rock fragments; pH 6.5 (slightly acid); abrupt smooth boundary.
Eg--20 to 33 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; strong thick platy structure; very friable; common very fine roots; common fine distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) and common fine and medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron-manganese masses; about 1 percent 2 to 75 millimeter rock fragments; pH 5.8 (moderately acid); abrupt smooth boundary.
E/B--33 to 69 centimeters; about 70 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy loam (Eg), about 30 percent brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam (Bt), pale brown (10YR 6/3), dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common prominent gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; common fine and medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and (5YR 4/6) iron-manganese masses; about 2 percent 2 to 75 millimeter rock fragments; pH 5.8 (moderately acid); clear smooth boundary.
Btg--69 to 86 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common prominent gray (10YR 5/1) and brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron-manganese masses; about 2 percent 2 to 75 millimeter rock fragments; pH 6.0 (moderately acid); clear wavy boundary.
Bt1--86 to 124 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; common distinct manganese coatings on faces of peds and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions and many medium and coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 5/3) iron-manganese masses; about 7 percent 2 to 75 millimeter rock fragments; pH 6.4 (slightly acid); clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--124 to 147 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films in pores and on faces of peds; few fine and medium faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) iron depletions and few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron-manganese masses; about 5 percent 2 to 75 millimeter rock fragments; pH 6.5 (slightly acid); clear wavy boundary.
BCd--147 to 183 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) sandy loam; structureless massive; firm; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron-manganese masses and many medium and coarse faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; about 5 percent 2 to 75 millimeter rock fragments; pH 6.7 (neutral).
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) - Northern Minnesota Gray Drift (57); Otter Tail County, Minnesota subset; located about 1 mile east and 8 miles north of Bluffton; located about 2600 feet west and 400 feet south of the northeast corner of section 21, T. 136 N., R. 36 W.; USGS Sebeka SW topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 35 minutes 7.8 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 13 minutes 45 seconds W., WGS84.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--100 to over 200 centimeters
Depth to the densic contact--100 to 150 centimeters or deeper
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent by volume throughout, mixed lithology and size
Base saturation (by sum of cations)--greater than 60 percent in all parts of the argillic horizon
Some phases have .01 to 3 percent of the surface covered with cobbles or stones
Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--10 to 23 centimeters
Eg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Textures--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy sand, some pedons have thin subhorizons with more than 15 percent gravel
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--10 to 30 centimeters
Most pedons have an EB, E/B, B/E, or BE transitional horizon with properties of both the E and Bt horizons ranging from 15 to 40 centimeters thick. The E part of the horizon ranges from 15 to 85 percent of the total volume.
Btg or Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2 above 75 centimeters, 3 or 4 below 75 centimeters
Texture--sandy loam or fine sandy loam, can have subhorizons of sandy clay loam, loam, some pedons have subhorizons with more than 15 percent gravel
Clay content--8 to 18 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--35 to 100 centimeters
BCd horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, some pedons have subhorizons of loamy sand, some pedons have subhorizons with more than 15 percent gravel
Clay content--7 to 15 percent
Sand content--40 to 75 percent
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Moist bulk density--1.8 to 2.0 gm/cc (considered to be a densic contact)
Some pedons have a Cd horizon that is similar to the BCd but is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Cebana series.
Cabana--have matrix hues redder than 10YR in the lower part of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy lodgment till of the Wadena Lobe of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation
Landform--linear or slightly concave toeslopes of drumlins and moraines
Slope--0 to 3 percent
Elevation--180 to 620 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 9 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--600 to 840 millimeters
Frost-free period--110 to 170 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Blowers,
Paddock,
Rockwood, and
Runeberg soils.
Blowers--are on higher landscape positions on slightly concave to slightly convex slopes and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.5 and 1.0 meters during April to June in normal years
Paddock--are on higher landscape positions on linear or slightly concave slopes and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.15 and 0.75 meters during April to June in normal years
Rockwood--are on higher landscape positions on convex slopes and do not have a frequently saturated zone above 1 meter during April to June in normal years
Runeberg--are on lower landscape positions on concave slopes and have a frequently saturated zone at or near the surface of the soil during April to June in normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at the surface of the soil to a depth of 0.3 meters during April to June in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.2 to 42.3 micrometers per second (moderately high to high) in the upper part and less than .42 micrometers per second (moderately low to very low) in the lower part
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are forested. Some areas are cultivated or managed for hay or pasture. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous-coniferous forest. Common tree species include quaking aspen, American elm, black ash, green ash, silver maple, balsam fir, and white spruce.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western Lake section
MLRAs--Northern Minnesota Gray Drift (57) and Central Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91A)
LRR--Northern Lake States Forest and Forage Region (K); central Minnesota
Extent-moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Otter Tail County, Minnesota, 1996.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 33 to 83 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 183 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 33 centimeters (Ap and Eg horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from 20 to 33 centimeters (Eg horizon);
glossic horizon--the zone from 33 to 69 centimeters; (E/B horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from 33 to 147 centimeters (Bt horizon);
densic contact--the zone starting at a depth of 147 centimeters;
base saturation--greater than 60 percent;
aquic conditions--within 50 centimeters of the soil surface;
redoximorphic features--between depths of 20 and 183 centimeters;
mollic subgroup--dark colors of Ap horizon
The dense till has repetitive fracturing that affects water movement and root penetration. This does affect the behavior of the soil. A proposal to recognize the fracturing has been suggested in the past. Also, the type and amount of redoximorphic features in the dense till may be directly related to the fracturing.
Previously this soil was included with the Paddock soils.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Pedon S1995MN111001 is the typical pedon.
Laboratory data--KSSL pedon 81MN153004 was sampled as a poorly drained Paddock and has been correlated to Becida series; pedon S1981MN153-004 (3511) has accompanying University of Minnesota lab data.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.