LOCATION BJORKLAND WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Bjorkland peat, on a plane slope of 0 percent in an herbaceous marsh at an elevation of about 965 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) peat; weak fine platy structure; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. Undecomposed sedge fibers.
Oa--2 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) muck; strong fine granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the O horizon is 8 to 15 inches.)
A--8 to 14 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Eg--14 to 25 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand, light gray (10YR7/2) dry; moderate thin platy structure; very friable; common very fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Eg horizon is 10 to 33 inches.)
Bt--25 to 34 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand; weak thick platy structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; few prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains; many coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and few medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) masses of iron depletion slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick)
2Btg--34 to 38 inches; 80 percent gray (5Y 6/1) and 20 percent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 25 inches thick)
2Bkg--38 to 80 inches; 60 percent gray (5Y 6/1) and 20 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and 20 percent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay; massive; very firm; common very fine and fine roots; fine rounded white (2.5Y 8/1) carbonate concretions and fine white (2.5Y 8/1) carbonate threads; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Burnett County, Wisconsin; about 1 mile northeast of Falun; 1600 feet south and 400 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 18, T.38 N., R.17 W.; USGS Falun quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 46 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 30 minutes 38 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic ranges from 25 to more than 60 inches. Thickness of the sandy mantle and depth to clay ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in the surface and subsurface layer, except where plowed, where it ranges from moderately acid to neutral. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part of the subsoil, and from strongly acid to strongly alkaline in the lower part of the subsoil and substratum. Volume of coarse fragments ranges from 0 to 1 percent throughout the pedon. Aquic conditions occur to the surface at some time in most years. This soil reacts positively to alpha, alpha-dipryidyl at some time during saturation.
The Oi horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, and value and chroma of 3 or 4.
The Oa horizon has hue of 10YR or it is neutral, and has chroma of 0 or 1.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is loamy fine sand, fine sand, sand, or the mucky analogs.
The Eg horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or loamy fine sand. Clay content is 3 to 10 percent.
The 2Btg horizon has hue of 2.5Y, 5Y or 5G, or it is neutral, has value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 or 2. It has pockets or strata with hue of 5YR, value and chroma of 4. Texture is clay or silty clay. The weighted average percent clay is 50 to 80 percent.
Some pedons have a 2Btk or 2Btkg horizon with hue of 2.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is clay or silty clay but may have thin strata of silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. Texture is moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline.
The 2Bkg horizon has colors the same as the 2Btg horizon. Reaction ranges from moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline. Texture is clay or silty clay.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material: sandy mantle over clayey lacustrine deposits
Landform: lake plains
Geological formation: formed in a mantle of sandy lacustrine deposits and in clayey lacustrine deposits
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Elevation: 920 to 980 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 43 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 28 to 32 inches
Frost-free period: 110 to 130 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Freya, Hegge, Smestad, and Wildwood soils. The somewhat poorly drained Freya and Smestad soils occupy slighly higher landscape positions. The poorly drained Hegge soils are also on slightly higher landscape positions but lack the sandy mantle. The poorly drained Wildwood soils are on similar landscape positions as the Bjorkland soils, but lack the sandy mantle.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Runoff is slow. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle and slow or very slow in the clayey deposits. This soil has a perched seasonal hight water table at a depth of +1 to 1 foot from October to June in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is in native vegetation of marsh grasses and sedges. Where drained and cultivated, it is used for hay or pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin. LRRK, MLRA 90B. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-4 (Duluth, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Burnett County, Wisconsin, 2003. Source of the name is Bjorkland Brook in Burnett County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 25 inches (Oi, Oa, Eg1, and Eg2);
Albic epipedon: The zone from 8 to 25 inches (Eg1 and Eg2);
Argillic horizon: The zone from 25 to 38 inches (Bt and 2Btg);
Particle size control section: The zone from 25 to 40 inches;
Lithologic discontinuity: The upper boundary of the 2Btg horizon at 34 inches;
Redoximorphic concentrations in the zone from 14 to 34 inches.
Only series status, responsibility, and scriveners errors changed - 3/09.