LOCATION BRULE LA

Established Series
DRM-JKW-RM
10/2013

BRULE SERIES

The Brule series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, moderately permeable soils. These soils formed in silty alluvium of Holocene age. Brule soils are on nearly level to very gently sloping, natural levees in flood plains of major streams on the Gulf Coast Prairie. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 19.5 degrees C (67 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1549 mm (61in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Paleudults

TYPICAL PEDON: Brule silty clay loam--woodland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 15 (0 to 6 in); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many very fine to coarse roots; few fine pores; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. (8 to 30 cm [3 to 12 in] thick)

AB--15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; few fine pores; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 20 cm [0 to 8 in] thick)

Bw1--25 to 45 cm (10 to 18 in); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; common very fine and fine pores; common fine and medium rounded black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw2--45 to 62 cm (18 to 24 in); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine to medium roots; common very fine and fine pores; common fine and medium irregular dark brown (10YR 3/3) masses of iron-manganese; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw3--62 to 75 cm (24 to 30 in); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots between peds; common very fine and fine pores; common fine irregular very dark gray (10YR 3/1) masses of iron-manganese; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw4--75 to 93 cm (30 to 37 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots between peds; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common medium irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; common fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese; common medium irregular light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 51 to 102 cm [20 to 40 in] thick)

2Bt/E--93 to 105 cm (37 to 41 in); 75 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Bt, and 25 percent light gray (10YR 7/1) E, silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots between peds; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/1) silt coats; very few faint clay films on surfaces of peds; common medium irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; many medium irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; common fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm [0 to 10 in] thick)

2Eg/Bt--105 to 138 cm (41 to 54 in); 70 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) E silt loam, and 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Bt silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots between peds; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/1) silt coats; very few faint clay films on surfaces of peds; many medium and coarse irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; common medium and coarse irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; common fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 in] thick)

2Btg/E--138 to 150 cm (54 to 59 in); 70 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Bt silty clay loam, and 30 percent light gray (2.5Y 7/1) E silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine and fine roots between peds; few very fine to medium tubular pores; many distinct clay films on surfaces of peds; common medium irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; many medium and coarse irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 38 cm [0 to 15 in] thick)

2Btg1--150 to 175 cm (59 to 69 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots between peds; few very fine to medium tubular pores; few distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/1) silt coats on vertical surfaces of peds; many distinct clay films on surfaces of peds; many coarse irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; common medium irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Btg2--175 to 203 cm (69 to 80 in); light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots between peds; few very fine tubular pores; few prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/1) silt coats on vertical surfaces of peds; few distinct clay films on vertical and horizontal surfaces of peds; many coarse irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron concentrations with sharp boundaries; very strongly acid. (combined thickness of 2Btg horizons is 38 to 102 cm [15 to 40 in])

TYPE LOCATION: Acadia Parish, Louisiana; from Rayne, 4.5 miles north-northwest on LA Highway 367; 200 feet west of LA Highway 367 and 3002 feet south of Bayou Plaquemine Brule; (1080 feet west and 2200 feet north of the southeast corner of section 39, T. 8 S., R. 2 E.; Crowley USGS quad; Latitude 30 degrees, 18 minutes, 36 seconds N; Longitude 92 degrees, 18 minutes, 15 seconds W; NAD83).

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

A, Ap, AB Horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 (value 3; horizon is less than 7 in thick)
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid

Bw Horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Iron concentrations: color-brown, red, or yellow; amount-none to many; boundary-clear to sharp.
Iron-manganese: form-masses or concretions; amount-few to many
Iron depletions: color-brown or gray with chroma 3 or less below 30 in; amount-few to common; boundary-clear to sharp
Base saturation: 5 to 25 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid

2E Horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 15 to 27 percent
Iron concentrations: color-brown; amount-few to many; boundary-clear to sharp
Iron-manganese concentrations: form-concretions; color-brown or black; amount-few to many
Base saturation: 5 to 25 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid

2Bt/E Horizon (where present)
Part: Bt (70 to 85 percent)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Part: E (15 to 30 percent)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Clay films: amount-very few to common; location-surface of peds; contrast-faint or distinct
Iron concentrations: color-brown; amount-common to many; boundary-clear to sharp
Iron-manganese concentrations: form-masses; color-brown or black; amount-few to common
Iron or clay depletions: color-gray; amount-common to many; boundary-clear
Base saturation: 5 to 25 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid

2Eg/Bt and 2Btg/E Horizon (where present)
Part: Bt
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Part: E
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Clay films: amount-very few to many; location-surface of peds and pore linings; contrast-faint or distinct
Iron concentrations: color-brown; amount-common to many; boundary-clear to sharp
Iron-manganese concentrations: form-masses; color-brown or black; amount-none to common
Iron or clay depletions: color-gray; amount-common to many; boundary-clear
Base saturation: 5 to 25 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid

2Btg Horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Clay films: amount-few to many; location-surface of peds and pore linings; contrast-distinct
Iron concentrations: color-brown; amount-common to many; boundary-clear to sharp
Iron-manganese concentrations: form-masses; color-brown or black; amount-few to common
Iron or clay depletions: color-gray; amount-common to many; boundary-clear
Base saturation: 15 to 35 percent
Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Similar soils are the Cascilla (MS), Falaya (TN), Ouachita (AR), and Weyanoke(LA) series.
Cascilla and Weyanoke soils: do not have an argillic horizon;
Falaya and Weyanoke soils: coarse-silty particle-size control section.
Ouachita soils: siliceous mineralogy.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy alluvial sediments
Landscape: coastal plains
Landform: natural levees on flood plains
Slope: 0 to 1 percent but are dominantly less than 0.5 percent
Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is moist in some or all parts for more than 275 days in normal years. July and August are the driest months.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19.9 to 21.7 degrees C (67 to 71 degrees F)
Mean annual air temperature range: 19.3 to 20.1 degrees C (67 to 69 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1499 to 1651 mm (59 to 65 in)
Precipitation Pattern: Rainfall is fairly uniform throughout the year.
Frost-free period: 235 to 350 days
Elevation: 2 to 18 m (7 to 60 ft)
Thornthwaite P-E index : 70 to 80

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Acadiana (LA), Barbary (LA), Basile (LA), Crowley (LA), Duson (LA), Iota (LA), Kaplan (LA), Kinder (LA), and Vidrine (LA)soils.
Barbary soils: Hydraquents; ponded backswamps; n-value of more than 0.7 above 40 in.
Acadiana, Crowley, Duson, Iota, and Kaplan soils: are Alfisols; on side slopes above drainageways on higher landforms.
Basile soils: Alfisols; on lower elevations in floodplains.
Kinder and Vidrine soils: Alfisols; broad, nearly level, higher, stream divide landscape positions; Vidrine soils are on circular mounds in a complex with the Kinder soils.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: : Moderately well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff is negligible on 0 to 1 percent slopes and low on 1 to 3 percent slopes. Flooding is frequent for very brief to brief periods, unless protected. In some years these soils flood for long duration. A water table exists from 76 to 122 (30 to 48 in) of the surface from December to April in normal years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in woodland with bottomland hardwood species, mainly sweetgum, water oak, sweetbay, overcup oak, and cherrybark oak trees dominant. A few small areas have been cleared and used for improved pasture.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: LLR T, Southwest Louisiana on the Coast Prairie (MLRA 150A). Brule soils are of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Acadia Parish, Louisiana; 2000.

REMARKS: Brule soils (pronounced "brew-lay") were formerly included with the Cascilla series. These Ultisols in broad drainageways, associated with Alfisols on adjacent uplands, are presumed to have formed from sediments transported from Tertiary age or other low base status materials (see pg. 63 Holocene age parent materials discussion in 'Landforms and Surface Geology' section by Dr. Bobby Miller; Allen Parish, Louisiana Soil Survey report, Sept. 1980).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon-0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in) (A and AB horizon)
Cambic horizon-25 to 94 cm (10 to 37 in) (Bw horizons)
Argillic horizon-94 to 203 cm (37 to 80 in) (2Bt/E, 2Eg/Bt, 2Btg/E, and 2Btg horizons)
Glossic horizon-94 to 150 cm (37 to 59 in) (2Bt/E, 2Eg/Bt, 2Btg/E horizons)

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data from Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station and NSSL (S96LA-001-004) from Acadia Parish, LA.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.