LOCATION CROWLEY LA+TX
Established Series
DRM-CLN-JAD
05/2014
CROWLEY SERIES
The Crowley series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils that formed in clayey fluviomarine deposits of the Pleistocene age. These nearly level to very gently sloping soils occur on flat coastal plains terraces. Slope is dominantly less than 1 percent but ranges to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1549 mm (61 in), and mean annual air temperature is about 20 degrees c (68 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Albaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Crowley silt loam--on a broad, nearly level area in cropland at an elevation of 9.8 m (32 ft). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine and few coarse roots; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron sharp boundaries lining pores; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 33 cm [3 to 13 in] thick)
Eg--18 to 36 cm (7 to 14 in); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few fine and medium rounded black (10YR 2/1)and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions; common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries lining pores; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 38 cm [4 to 15 in] thick)
Btgl--36 to 64 cm (14 to 25 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; many dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic stains on vertical faces of peds; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions; many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btg2--64 to 84 cm (25 to 33 in); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; common dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic stains on vertical faces of peds; many fine, medium, and coarse rounded black (10YR 2/1) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions; many fine and medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; common crayfish krotovina about 1 cm (1/2 in) wide filled with dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btg3--84 to 102 cm (33 to 40 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; many fine, medium, and coarse rounded black (10YR 2/1) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries in matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg4--102 to 127 cm (40 to 50 in); light olive gray (5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; many fine, medium, and coarse rounded black (10YR 2/1) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with diffuse boundaries in matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Btg horizons is 89 to 152 cm [35 to 60 in])
Btssg--127 to 145 cm (50 to 57 in); gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct slickensides about 5 to 10 cms long that are at angles of 20 to 60 degrees; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few coarse irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese masses; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with diffuse boundaries on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 in] thick)
Bssg--145 to 175 cm (57 to 69 in); gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct slickensides about 5 to 10 cms long that are at angles of 20 to 60 degrees; few coarse irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese masses; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with diffuse boundaries on faces of peds; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 in] thick)
Bkssg--175 to 206 cm (69 to 81 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay; many coarse prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine tubular pores; many distinct slickensides greater than 10 cms long that are at angles of 20 to 60 degrees; common medium irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese masses; many medium and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with diffuse boundaries on faces of peds; common coarse concretions of calcium carbonate; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Acadia Parish, Louisiana; 1.8 miles east-southeast of Iota, about 0.7 mile east of Highway 1120; 3850 ft east and 75 ft south of the northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 9 S., R. 1 W.; USGS Iota, La., topographic quadrangle; lat. 30 degrees 18 minutes 15 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 27 minutes 40 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An aquic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19.9 to 21.7 degrees C (68 to 71 degrees F)
Thickness of the Ap and Eg horizons, 18 to 71 cm (7 to 28 in)
The solum is more than 203 cm (80 in) thick. Exchangeable sodium increases with depth and ranges from 5 to 15 percent of the exchange capacity in the lower part of the solum. Vertical streaks (krotovinas) of silt loam, have value similar to or lower than the matrix, are common throughout the B horizons.
Ap Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 (Where value is 3,the A horizon is less than 15 cm (6 in) thick)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Redox concentrations: amount-few to common; location- in pore linings; shades-red and brown
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-none to few; kind-concretions; shades-brown and black
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
Eg Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Redox concentrations: amount-few to common; location-in pore linings, shades-brown
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-none to few; kind-concretions; shades-brown and black
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
Btg Horizons
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Redox concentrations: amount-common to many, shades-brown, yellow or red
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-few to many; kind-concretions; shades-brown and black
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly alkaline
Btssg Horizon Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay
Slickensides/Pressure faces: amount-few to many;
Redox concentrations: amount-common to many; shades- brown, yellow or red
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-few to many; kind-concretions; shades-brown and black
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Bg,Bssg,Bkssg Horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR to 5Y (Some pedons below a depth of 152 cm (60 in) have hue of 2.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7 and chroma of 1 to 8.)
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam or silty clay (some pedons have loam below 152 cm (60 in)
Redox concentrations: amount-common to many; shades- brown, yellow or red
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-few to many; kind-concretions; shades-brown and black
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-none to common; kind- concretions
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Dewitt (AR),
Kemah (TX), and
Meikle (CA)series in the same family. Similar soils are the
Bivans (FL),
Kaplan (LA),
Kinder (LA),
Mamou (LA), and
Paisley (FL) series.
Dewitt soils: poorly drained; areas of cooler mean annual air temperature
Kemah soils: more sand and less than 50 percent silt in the particle-size control section.
Meikle soils: sola less than 102 cm (40 in) thick
Bivans and
Paisley soils: in a hyperthermic soil temperature regime
Kaplan soils: have vertic properties and secondary carbonates in the upper part of the argillic
Kinder soils:less than 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section; glossic horizon; silicious mineralogy
Mamou soils: less than 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: clayey fluviomarine deposits derived from igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock of Pleistocene age
Landscape: flat coastal plains
Landform: terraces
Microfeature: relic bars
Slope: mainly 0 to 1 percent but ranging to 3 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 1499 to 1651 mm (59 to 65 in)
Precipitation Pattern: Rainfail is mostly uniform throughout the year with slight peaks during the spring and fall months
Thornthwaite P-E Index: greater than 80
Mean annual air temperature: 19.4 to 21 degrees C (67 to 70 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 240 to 300 days
Elevation: 2 to 24 m (6.5 to 80 ft)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Acadiana (LA),
Basile (LA),
Edgerly (LA)
Kaplan,
Kinder,
Leton (TX),
Mamou,
Midland (LA),
Mowata,
Patoutville (LA), and
Vidrine (LA)series.
Acadiana,
Mamou, and
Vidrine soils: have chroma of 3 or more in the upper part of the argillic horizon; Acadiana and Mamou soils are on side slopes along drainageways; Vidrine soils are pimple mounds
Basile,
Leton,
Mowata, and
Kinder soils: are poorly drained; lower depressional landform.
Edgerly soils: have a mollic epipedon; on a lower position on a similar landform
Kaplan soils: do not have an albic horizon; on a similar landform
Midland soils: have a finer textured surface; on a lower position on a similar landform
Patoutville: are in a fine-silty family; are on a higher position on a similar landform
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is high on 0 to 1 percent slopes; very high on 1 to 3 percent slopes. The soil is saturated with aquic conditions above the clayey argillic horizon at a depth of 15 to 46 cm (0.5 to 1.5 ft) during the months of December to April in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Native vegetation was tall prairie grasses. Most of the soils are now cultivated and used for rice and soybeans, rotated with pasture and crayfish aquaculture. Grain sorghum, wheat, corn, sweet potatoes, and cotton are also grown to a minor extent.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwest Louisiana and southeast Texas coastal prairies; LRR T; MLRA 150A (Gulf Coast Prairies). The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Acadia Parish, Louisiana; 1903.
REMARKS: This is a benchmark soil in Louisiana.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--0 to 36 cm (0 to 14 in) (Ap and Eg horizons).
Albic horizon--18 to 36 cm (7 to 14 in) (Eg horizon).
Argillic horizon-36 to 145 cm (14 to 57 in)(Btgl, Btg2, Btg3, Btg4, and Btssg horizons).
Abrupt textural change--at 36 cm (14 in) (between Eg & Btgl horizons).
Aquic moisture regime
ADDITIONAL DATA: Louisiana State University laboratory data from typifying pedon in Acadia Parish, LA (S95LA-001-4).
Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.