LOCATION BUXIN LA

Established Series
Rev. JDS:MJB
01/2017

BUXIN SERIES

The Buxin series consists of very deep, poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils. These nearly level soils formed in clayey alluvium derived from the Red River. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 17.2 degrees C (63 degree F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1308 mm (51.5 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Aquic Hapluderts

TYPICAL PEDON: Buxin clay, 0.5 percent slope in a hayfield; at an elevation of 49.7 m (163 ft). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 in); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3), interior, and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2), exterior, clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats in root channels and pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the Ap horizon is 5 to 25 cm [2 to 10 in])

Bw1--5 to 28 cm (2 to 11 in); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3), interior, and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2), exterior, clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats in root channels and pores; few fine dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries throughout; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--28 to 51 cm (11 to 20 in); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct pressure faces on faces of peds; common medium yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries between peds; few medium very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries between peds; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bw3--51 to 71 cm (20 to 28 in); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm, very sticky and very plastic; common fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct pressure faces on faces of peds; common medium dark gray (7.5YR 4/1) iron depletions with _diffuse boundaries between peds; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 45 to 75 cm [18 to 30 in])

2Ab--71 to 84 cm (28 to 33 in); dark gray (7.5YR 4/1) silty clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure parting to wedge-shaped aggregates; firm, very sticky and very plastic; common fine roots; common fine pores; thin 2.5 cm (1 inch) layer of gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay is at top of horizon; common distinct pressure faces on faces of peds; common fine reddish brown (5YR 4/3) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries throughout; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the 2Ab horizon is 5 to 38 cm [2 to 15 in])

2Bssb1--84 to 127 cm (33 to 50 in); 60 percent dark gray (5YR 4/1) and 40 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure parting to wedge-shaped aggregates; firm, very sticky and very plastic; common fine roots; few fine pores; few fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy lenses; common distinct intersecting slickensides; common distinct pressure faces on faces of peds; common medium reddish brown (5YR 4/3) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries between peds; common medium brown (10YR 5/3) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries between peds; common fine dark gray (5YR 4/1) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries between peds; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bssb2--127 to 150 cm (50 to 59 in); brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure parting to wedge-shaped aggregates; firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct intersecting slickensides and common distinct pressure faces on faces of peds; many fine strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries between peds; few fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries between peds; common medium gray (7.5YR 5/1) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries between peds; common fine very dark gray (10YR 3/1) masses of iron-manganese throughout; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bssb horizons is 25 to 100 cm [10 to 40 in])

2Bkb--150 to 170 cm (59 to 67 in); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; many fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many medium gray (5YR 6/1) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries between peds; many medium reddish gray (5YR 5/2) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries between peds; strongly effervescent on nodules (HCl, 1 normal); strongly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (Thickness of the 2Bkb horizon is 0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 in])

2BCkb--170 to 198 cm (67 to 78 in); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; very few faint clay films; common fine strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries throughout; common fine pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries between peds; common coarse carbonate nodules throughout; strongly effervescent on nodules (HCl, 1 normal); moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the 2BCkb horizon is 0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 in])

2Cb--198 to 275 cm (78 to 108 in); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) very fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine pores; common fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries throughout; common fine brown (7.5YR 5/3) iron depletions diffuse boundaries throughout; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Bossier Parish, Louisiana, about 5.7 miles southeast of Benton, La.; 1.45 miles east of the intersection of U.S. Hwy. 80 and Swan Lake Road on U.S. Hwy. 80; then 174 feet north of the center of the west bound lane of Hwy. 80 into a hayfield.

USGS Topographic Quadrangle: Bossier City, LA
Latitude: 32 degrees, 32 minutes, 31.8 seconds N
Longitude: 93 degrees, 38 minutes, 50.0 seconds W

Decimal Degrees:
Latitude: 32.54216667 degrees
Longitude: -93.64722222 degrees
Datum: NAD83

UTM Easting: 439228.3 m
UTM Northing: 3600718 m
UTM Zone: 15N

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum thickness (including buried A and B horizons): 150 to more than 203 cm (60 to 80 in)
Depth to buried horizons: 50 to 91 cm (20 to 36 in)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonates: 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in)
Depth to cambic horizon: 5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 in)
Depth to redox concentrations: 0 to 100 cm (0 to 40 in)
Depth to redox depletions: 0 to 100 cm (0 to 40 in)
Vertic features: 55 to 91 cm (22 to 36 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 60 to 80 percent
Sand content: 5 to 20 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 30 to 65 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to common; size-medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout
Redox depletions: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of gray and grayish brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bw horizon (to a depth of 30 cm [12 in]):
Hue: 2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 80 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to common; size-medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of red or brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout
Redox depletions: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of gray; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of black and very dark brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout matrix
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline

Bw horizon (below 30 cm [12 in]):
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 80 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to common; size-medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of red or brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout
Redox depletions: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of gray; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of black and very dark brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout matrix
Carbonates: none
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2Ab horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 80 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of red or brown; boundary-diffuse; location-between peds
Redox depletions: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of gray or grayish brown; boundary-diffuse; location-between peds
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of black and very dark brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout matrix
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Bssb horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: clay
Clay content: 50 to 80 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-few to many; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of red or brown; boundary-diffuse; location-between peds
Redox depletions: amount-few to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of gray or grayish brown; boundary-diffuse; location-between peds
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; distinct; colors-shades of black and very dark brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout matrix
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Bkb horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: very fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 15 to 50 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of red or brown; boundary-diffuse; location-between peds
Redox depletions: amount-few to many; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of gray or grayish brown; boundary-diffuse; location-between peds
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of black and very dark brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout matrix
Identifiable secondary carbonates: amount-few to many, size-fine to coarse, kind--nodules or masses; location-throughout matrix
Effervescence: very slight or slight
Reaction: neutral to strongly alkaline

2BCb, 2BCkb or 2C horizon (where present below 150 cm [60 in]):
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: very fine sandy loam to clay (often stratified)
Clay content: 5 to 50 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of red or brown; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout matrix
Redox depletions: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-distinct; colors-shades of gray; boundary-diffuse; location-between peds
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; kind-nodules or masses; location-throughout
Effervescence: slight or strong
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Lebeau (LA) and Texark (TX) series. Similar soils are the Moreland (LA) and Roetex (TX) series.
Lebeau (LA) soils: have a mollic epipedon less than 20 cm (8 in) in thickness and do not have a buried A horizon
Moreland soils: do not have a buried A horizon within 100 cm (40 in) of the surface
Roetex soils: have mixed mineralogy
Texark soils: all horizons have hue of 10YR

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: clayey alluvium derived from the Red River
Landscape: Red River alluvial plain
Landform: flood plain
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Soil moisture: udic soil moisture regime
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 21 degrees C (66 to 70 degrees F)
Mean annual air temperature: 17 to 19 degrees C (63 to 66 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 1295 to 1486 mm (51 to 58.5 in) Precipitation Pattern: The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for as long as 90 cumulative days in normal years. July through September are the driest months, while October through June are the wettest months.
Frost-free period: 219 to 293 days
Elevation: 39.6 to 61.0 meters (120 to 200 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-R indices: 81 to 128

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the competing Lebeau (LA) and Moreland (LA) series, and the Billyhaw (TX), Caspiana (LA), Coushatta (LA), Desha (AR), Gallion (LA), Latanier (LA), Norwood (TX), Perry (LA), Portland (AR), and Roebuck (OK) series.
Billyhaw soils: do not have aquic conditions within 100 cm (40 in) in normal years and are on similar positions
Caspiana, Coushatta, Gallion and Norwood soils: are coarser textured, do not have aquic conditions within 75 cm (30 in) of the surface in normal years, and are on adjacent natural levees
Desha and Portland soils: do not have intersecting slickensides within 100 cm (40 in) and are on similar positions
Latanier soils: have a loamy discontinuity within 100 cm (40 in) and are on slightly higher positions
Perry soils: have gray colors with hue of 10YR in the Bw horizon and are on lower positions
Roebuck soils: are fine-textured and are on lower positions

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: poorly drained
Permeability: very slow
Runoff: moderate
Seasonal high water table: saturated in the Ap horizon for more than 30 cumulative days during December through April. They are moist in the layers below that. Most areas have been artificially drained.
Flooding frequency: Unprotected areas are subject to rare to frequent flooding

USE AND VEGETATION: The original vegetation was hardwoods. The soil is mostly cleared and used for pasture and to a lesser extent for field crops. Principal pasture grass is bermudagrass. Principal crops are corn, soybeans and cotton.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Louisiana; Land Resource Region O; MLRA 131C. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Concordia Parish, Louisiana; 1910.

REMARKS: Buxin soils were formerly classified in the Alluvial great soil group. They were reclassified as Vertisols in 1996. The series was updated in 2004 to allow moderately alkaline reaction in the Bw horizon, and strongly alkaline reaction in the 2Bkb horizon.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
Particle-size control section: 25 to 100 cm (10 to 40 in) (Bw, 2Ab, 2Bssb1 horizons)
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 71 cm (0 to 28 in) (A, Bw horizons)
Cambic horizon: 5 to 198 cm (2 to 78 in) (Bw, 2Bssb, 2Bkb, and 2BCkb horizons)
Redoximorphic concentrations: 71 to 275 cm (28 to 108 in) (Bw2, Bw3, 2Ab, 2Bssb, 2Bkb, 2BCkb, 2Cb horizons)
Redoximorphic depletions: 5 to 275 cm (2 to 108 in) (Bw2, Bw3, 2Ab, 2Bssb, 2Bkb, 2BCkb, 2Cb horizons)
Vertic features: presence of slickensides, 84 to 150 cm (33 to 59 in) (2Bssb horizons)
Secondary carbonates: 150 to 198 cm (59 to 78 in) (2Bkb and 2BCkb horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity: upper boundary of the 2Ab horizon 71 cm (28 in)

Edited 01/2017 (JAD-MJB) Changed to tabular format. Updated pedon description, Range in Characteristics, and other sections.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization by KSSL, Lincoln, Neb.; Sample no. S96LA015023

Taxonomic version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.