LOCATION BYARS SC+AL FL NCEstablished Series
The Byars series consists of very deep, very poorly drained, slowly permeable clayey soils that formed in marine sediments. Slopes are less than 2 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Umbric Paleaquults
TYPICAL PEDON: Byars sandy loam--cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
A--9 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 10 inches thick)
Btg1--13 to 21 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation along old root channels; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg2--21 to 43 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation along old root channels; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg3--43 to 65 inches; mottled dark gray (10YR 4/1) and gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg4--65 to 73 inches; mottled dark gray (10YR 4/1) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky; few fine pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Btg is 26 to more than 60 inches)
Cg--73 to 79 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; few fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; massive; very firm, sticky; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Marion County, South Carolina; about 2 miles northwest of Marion, 2 miles north of ACL Railroad crossing over Catfish Canal, in cultivated field 200 feet north of bend in farm road and 650 feet west of Catfish Canal.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The soil is extremely acid to strongly acid throughout except for the surface layer in limed areas. Few to common flakes of mica are in the lower part of the B horizon and the C horizon of some pedons.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, or it is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 or 1. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam.
The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, or it is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 or 1. It is sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, or it is neutral, value of 2 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2. Most pedons have few to many mottles in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray. The Btg horizon is clay, sandy clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay.
The BCg horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Most pedons have few to many mottles of redder hue and higher chroma. Texture is variable, ranging from sandy to clayey materials.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Most pedons have few to many mottles of redder hue and higher chroma. Texture is variable, ranging from sandy to clayey materials.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other known series in the same family. Bayboro, Bethera, Bladen, Cantey, Cape Fear, Coxville, Grady, Hyde, Leaf, Paxville, Pantego, and Santee series are similar soils in other families. Bayboro, Bethera, Bladen, Cape Fear, Hyde, Leaf, and Santee soils have mixed mineralogy. Cantey, Coxville, and Grady soils have an ochric epipedon. Paxville and Pantego soils have less than 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Byars soils are on nearly level areas, slight depressions, or "Carolina" bays on the Coastal Plain. Slopes are less than 2 percent. They formed in clayey and loamy marine sediments. The mean annual temperature ranges from 59 to 68 degrees F., the mean annual precipitation ranges from 38 to 50 inches, and the frost-free season ranges from 190 to 260 days. Average July temperature is 81 degrees F. and average January temperature is 47 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the similar Cantey, Coxville, Grady, and Paxville series and the Smithboro and Persanti series. Smithboro and Persanti soils lack umbric epipedons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained; ponded to very slow runoff; slow permeability. In undrained areas the water table is near or above the surface for as much as 6 months in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: A few areas are used for growing pasture, corn, or vegetables. Most of the soil is in forest of water tupelo, sweetgum, blackgum, cypress, and water oak.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marion County, South Carolina; 1942.
REMARKS: Particle-size and mineralogy data are on hand for this series. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Umbric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to 13 inches (Ap and A horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 13 to 73 inches (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3 and Btg4 horizons)
Aquults feature - dominant chroma of 2 or less in the matrix of the argillic horizon and mottles of higher chroma
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation SC0036 BYARS 0- 2 59- 68 190-260 38- 50 25- 370 SC0119 BYARS 0- 2 59- 68 190-260 38- 50 25- 200SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness SC0036 NONE - APPARENT - 60-60 SC0119 COMMON 0-1.0 APPARENT JAN-DEC 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- SC0036 0-13 SL FSL 0- 0 98-100 10-20 1- 4 SC0036 0-13 SICL CL L 0- 0 98-100 15-35 3- 10 SC0036 0-13 SIL 0- 0 98-100 15-35 2- 7 SC0036 13-43 C CL SC 0- 0 98-100 35-60 4- 7 SC0036 43-73 C SICL SIC 0- 0 98-100 35-60 3- 7 SC0036 73-79 VAR - - - - SC0119 0-13 SL FSL 0- 0 98-100 10-20 1- 4 SC0119 0-13 L SICL CL 0- 0 98-100 15-35 3- 10 SC0119 0-13 SIL 0- 0 98-100 15-35 2- 7 SC0119 13-43 C CL SC 0- 0 98-100 35-60 4- 7 SC0119 43-73 C SICL SIC 0- 0 98-100 35-60 3- 7 SC0119 73-80 VAR - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll SC0036 0-13 3.6- 5.5 2.-9. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW SC0036 0-13 3.6- 5.5 2.-9. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW SC0036 0-13 3.6- 5.5 2.-9. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW SC0036 13-43 3.6- 5.5 .5-1. 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 MODERATE SC0036 43-73 3.6- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 MODERATE SC0036 73-79 - 0.-.5 - - SC0119 0-13 3.6- 5.5 2.-9. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW SC0119 0-13 3.6- 5.5 2.-9. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW SC0119 0-13 3.6- 5.5 2.-9. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW SC0119 13-43 3.6- 5.5 .5-1. 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 MODERATE SC0119 43-73 3.6- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 MODERATE SC0119 73-80 - 0.-.5 - -