LOCATION OVERLY                  ND+MN SD

Established Series
CJH-ARG
01/2014

OVERLY SERIES


The Overly series consists of very deep, well drained or moderately well drained soils that formed in calcareous sediments. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the upper part and moderately high or moderately low in the substratum. These soils are on glacial lake plains and terraces on valley side slopes. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 39 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is 18 inches.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Pachic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Overly silty clay loam on a plane north-facing slope of less than 1 percent under cropland. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated)

Ap--0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; many fine pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--5 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate coarse and medium angular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; hard, friable, sticky and slightly plastic; many roots; many fine pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined A horizons 8 to 18 inches thick)

Bw--10 to 17 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common roots; common fine pores; faint clay films on faces of peds; segregated carbonates in a few pores and root channels in the lower part; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 22 inches thick)

Bk1--17 to 20 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; few fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) moist redoximorphic concentrations; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine pores; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2--20 to 28 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; few faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium and very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; common fine pores; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk3--28 to 38 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; few fine prominent light gray (5Y 7/1) redoximorphic depletions and faint light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; few fine pores; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline, clear wavy boundary. (Combined Bk horizons 6 to 30 inches thick)

C--38 to 60 inches; multicolored light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4), pale olive (5Y 6/3), gray (5Y 6/1), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) laminated silt loam and silty clay loam; gray (5Y 6/1) redoximorphic depletions and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations in the lower part; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Walsh County, North Dakota; about 6 miles west and 3 miles south of Minto; 300 feet east and 150 feet south of the northwest corner, sec. 18, T. 155 N., R. 53 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mollic epipedon ranges from 16 to 40 inches in thickness and includes all or part of the Bw horizon. The 10- to 40-inch control section typically is silty clay loam and some is silt loam or clay loam. It averages between 27 and 35 percent clay. Some pedons are saline.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1. It typically is silty clay loam, but some is silt loam, clay loam, loam, or silty clay. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5 and 2 to 4 moist, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is silty clay loam or silt loam. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. It has weak or moderate grades of prismatic, subangular or angular blocky structure.

The Bk horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 to 7 and 3 to 6 moist, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is silty clay loam or silt loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It has a calcium carbonate equivalent of 15 to over 30 percent. Carbonates are disseminated or in few to many, and small to large masses. Some pedons have BC or BCk horizons.

The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 1 to 6. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Redoximorphic features range from few to many and faint to prominent, but they may be absent in some well drained pedons. The C horizon is laminated and commonly has textures including silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam or silty clay. Below depths of 40 inches in some pedons are strata of sand or clay.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Beotia and Waubay series. Beotia soils have 18 to 27 percent clay in the control section. Waubay soils have 20 to 27 percent clay in the control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Overly soils are on level to gently sloping glacial lake plains and terraces on valley side slopes. Slope commonly is less than 2 percent but range from 0 to 15 percent. The soils formed in calcareous lacustrine sediments. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 48 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 24 inches. Most of the moisture falls in the spring and summer. Frost-free period ranges from 105 to 140 days. Elevation above sea level ranges from 650 to 2350 feet.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Beotia soils and Bearden, Colvin, Fargo, Gardena, Glyndon, Great Bend, Hegne, Perella and Walsh soils. The competing Beotia soils occur on similar or slightly higher elevations than Overly soils. Bearden, Colvin, Great Bend and Perella soils are in a drainage sequence with Overly soils. Great Bend soils are well drained soils on higher elevations. Bearden soils are on smoother, slightly lower elevations. Colvin and Perella soils are in low concave swales and shallow basins. Both soils are poorly drained. In addition, Bearden and Colvin soils have calcic horizons within depths of 16 inches. Gardena, Glyndon and Walsh soils are on nearby deltas and lake plains. Gardena and Glyndon soils have coarse-silty textures. In addition, Glyndon soils have calcic horizons within depths of 16 inches. Walsh soils have fine-loamy textures with significant amounts of shale. Fargo and Hegne soils are on nearby lake plains where sediments contain more clay. Both soils have fine textures.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well or moderately well drained. Runoff ranges from negligible to medium depending on slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the upper part and moderately high or moderately low in the substratum below a depth of 40 inches. A seasonal high water table is at a depth of 3 to 5 feet at some time during the period of April through June in the moderately well drained phase. It is at a depth of 4 to more than 6 feet for the same period in the well-drained phase.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils mainly are cropped to small grains, sugar beets, and hay. Native vegetation was western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, big bluestem, and a variety of forbs.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and eastern North Dakota, northeastern South Dakota, and northwestern Minnesota. The soil is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sargent County, North Dakota, 1961.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 17 inches (Ap, A, and Bw horizons); the Bk1 horizon has the color but not the organic matter content to be a mollic epipedon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data; S53NDak-9-1, S53NDak-9-2 and N.D. Agricultural Experiment Station Soils Dept. S66ND-50-1.


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.