LOCATION BAVARIA                 KS

Established Series
Rev. CDP/JCW/GLP
07/2020

BAVARIA SERIES

The Bavaria series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in alluvium. Bavaria soils are on stream terraces on river valleys in the Central Kansas Sandstone Hills MLRA 74. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 760 millimeters (30 inches) and the mean annual air temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Leptic Natrustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Bavaria silt loam on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 377 meters (1236 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few very fine roots; sodium adsorption ratio of 16; electrical conductivity of 3.53 dS/m; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) thick).

An--15 to 33 centimeters (6 to 13 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine granular structure; very hard, very firm; sodium adsorption ratio of 16; electrical conductivity of 3.53 dS/m; few fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches) thick).

Btny--33 to 53 centimeters (13 to 21 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium columnar structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; extremely hard, very firm; few very fine roots between peds; few faint discontinuous clay films; few medium irregular gypsum crystals; common medium masses of salt crystals; sodium adsorption ratio of 17; electrical conductivity of 9.38 dS/m; very slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Btn--53 to 89 centimeters (21 to 35 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few very fine roots between peds; few faint discontinuous clay films; sodium adsorption ratio of 23; electrical conductivity of 1.96 dS/m; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt ranges from (25 to 67 centimeters (10 to 27 inches) thick).

Bkn--89 to 114 centimeters (35 to 45 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few medium irregular calcium carbonate concretions; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 38 centimeters (0 to 15 inches) thick).

Cy--114 to 200 centimeters (45 to 79 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron; massive; hard, firm; few medium irregular gypsum crystals; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Saline County, Kansas; about 5 kilometers (3 miles) west of Salina; 171 meters (560 feet) west and 604 meters (1980 feet) north of the southeast corner of sec. 7, T. 14 S., R. 3 W. Salina SW, Kansas USGS quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 50 minutes 49.3 seconds N., long. 97 degrees 41 minutes 18.2 seconds W., NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic bordering on udic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C (53 to 57 degrees F)
Mollic epipedon: 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 40 inches)
Particle size control section (weighted average) clay: 35 to 45 percent
Particle size control section (weighted average) sand: 0 to 15 percent
Depth to free calcium carbonates: 20 to 75 centimeters (8 to 30 inches)
Depth to secondary carbonates: greater than 40 centimeters (16 inches)
Redoximorphic features: greater than 75 centimeters (30 inches)
Depth to natric horizon: 15 to 40 centimeters (6 to 16 inches)

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry and 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 38 percent
Sand content: 1 to 30 percent
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
Sodium adsorption ratio: 8 to 18
Electrical conductivity: 2 to 4 dS/m

Btny or Btn horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5y
Value: 4 to 6 dry and 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silty clay or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Sand content: 1 to 18 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
Gypsum: 0 to 6 percent
Sodium adsorption ratio: 15 to 25
Electrical conductivity: 2 to 16 dS/m

Bkn horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5y
Value: 5 to 7 dry and 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or silt loam
Clay content: 18 to 45 percent
Sand content: 5 to 30 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent
Sodium adsorption ratio: 1 to 10
Electrical conductivity: 2 to 4 dS/m

C or Cy horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5y
Value: 5 to 7 dry and 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Sand content: 18 to 40 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
Gypsum: 0 to 6 percent
Sodium adsorption ratio: 1 to 10
Electrical conductivity: 1 to 4 dS/m

COMPETING SERIES:
These are the Gayville, Jerauld and Weta series.
The Gayville soils are somewhat poorly drained and have a seasonal water table at depths between 2 and 4 feet.
Jerauld soils and are somewhat poorly drained.
Weta soils are well drained.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium
Landform: stream terraces on river valleys
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Elevation: 350 to 550 meters (1150 to 1800 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 11 to 13 degrees C (52 to 55 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 650 to 850 millimeters (26 to 33 inches)
Precipitation pattern: precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 160 to 210 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Detroit, Hord, New Cambria, and Roxbury soils.
Detroit soils are on a slightly higher landform and have a sodium adsorption ratio less than 13 (do not have a natric horizon).
Hord and Roxbury soils are on slightly higher landforms and have less than 35 percent clay in the particle size control section.
New Cambria soils are on slightly higher landforms and have free carbonates within 25 centimeters (10 inches).

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Moderately well
Runoff: low
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: moderately low
Flooding: very rare

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. Wheat, grain sorghum, alfalfa, and soybeans are the main crops grown.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North Central Kansas; LRR H, Central Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range Region; MLRA 74, Central Kansas Sandstone Hills). The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Saline County, Kansas; 1989. The name is from the town of Bavaria in Saline County.

REMARKS:
In the 1949 soil survey of Saline County, Kansas, these soils were called solonetz soils. Diagnostic features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 89 inches (0 to 35 inches) (Ap, An, Btny, Btn horizons).
Natric horizon: 33 to 89 centimeters (13 to 35 inches (Btny, Btn horizons).
Secondary calcium carbonates: 89 to 114 centimeters (35 to 45 inches). (Bkn horizon)
Redoximorphic concentrations: In the zone from 89 to 200 cm (35 to 79 inches). (Bkn, C horizons)

Keys to soil Taxonomy: Twelfth edition, 2014

08/2011 GLP
Added metric conversions. Changed to semi-tabular format. Added quadrangle, latitude and longitude. Added soil temperature regime, soil moisture regime, mean annual soil temperature, particle clay and sand content. Added sand and clay content in RIC. Updated competing series. Updated geographic setting. Updated geographically associated soils. Changed permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.

06/2020 DJK
Minor formatting changes to meet current standards.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Physical and chemical data for two pedons are available from the National Soil Survey Laboratory: 87KS169003 and 87KS169004.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.