LOCATION BOLIVAR MO+KS OK

Established Series
Rev. LHG-RLT-RGC
09/2018

BOLIVAR SERIES

The Bolivar series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in residuum from acid sandstone with thin beds of clayey and sandy shales. These soils are on undulating to gently rolling uplands. Slope ranges from 1 to 50 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1020 mm (40 inches), and mean annual temperature is 17 degrees C (61 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Ultic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Bolivar fine sandy loam, on an east-facing, convex, 3 percent slope in pasture at an elevation of 305 meters (1,000 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; many worm casts; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [10 to 25 cm (4 to 9 inches) thick]

E--20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; many worm casts; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [5 to 18 cm (2 to 7 inches) thick]

BE--25 to 33 cm (10 to 13 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common worm casts; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick]

Bt1--33 to 46 cm (13 to 18 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam; strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; few large worm channels; few worm casts; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--46 to 58 cm (18 to 23 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; few worm channels; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) iron masses; few fine weathered sandstone fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3--58 to 71 cm (23 to 28 inches); mixed yellowish red (5YR 4/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) channery sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) and olive (5Y 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and at the partings and cracks of soft weathered sandstone fragments; 20 percent soft sandstone channers; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 69 cm (10 to 27 inches).]

Cr--71 to 112 cm (28 to 44 inches); brown soft sandstone in 3 to 8 cm (1 to 3 inch) lenses thinly interbedded with dark gray and light gray lenses of clay shale; a few clay flows at the partings of the sandstone and shale; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches) thick]

R--112 cm (44 inches); red massive sandstone.

TYPE LOCATION: Barton County, Missouri; about 4 miles east of Milford; 310 feet east and 2510 feet south of the northwest corner, sec. 26, T. 33 N., R. 29 W.; USGS Jerico Springs topographic quadrangle; lat. 37.576022 degrees and long. -94.092911 degrees, WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to paralithic contact: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to lithic contact: 97 cm (38 inches) or more

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texure: fine sandy loam, loam
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid unless limed
Note: Some pedons have a stony surface layer

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam
Reaction: is strongly acid or moderately acid

BE and Bt horizons:
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, clay loam or their channery, flaggy or very flaggy analogues in the lower part
Clay content in Bt horizon: 25 to 35 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to very strongly acid.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Deanburg, Stiversville, and Toine series. Deanburg and Toine soils have thicker sola and do not have weathered sandstone within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Stiversville soils formed in residuum from phosphatic sandy limestone and are deeper than 102 cm (40 inches) to weathered bedrock.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bolivar soils are on undulating to gently rolling upland that has somewhat broken topography. Slope ranges from 1 to 50 percent but are typically less than 9 percent. The soils formed in residuum from acid sandstone with thin beds of clayey and sandy shales. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 890 mm to 1140 mm (35 to 45 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 15 to 17 degrees C (59 to 63 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Barco, Barden, Bates, Collinsville, and Hector soils. Barco soils are in a mollic subgroup and are on similar landscapes. Barden soils are higher in the landscape and are in the fine particle size family. Bates soils are on similar landscapes and have a mollic epipedon. Collinsville soils are on steeper side slopes and have bedrock within a depth of 51 cm (20 inches). Hector soils are lower in the landscape and have bedrock within a depth of 51 cm (20 inches).

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is medium to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high (14 to 42 micrometers per second) in the A and E horizons and moderately high (4 to 14 micrometers per second) in the Bt horizons. Permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most of these soils are used for pasture or hay. A smaller acreage is cropped to wheat, milo, soybeans, and corn with the remaining areas in timber. Native vegetation was deciduous hardwoods.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 112, 116A and 116B in southwest Missouri, southeast Kansas, and northeast Oklahoma. The type location is in MLRA 112. The series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lawrence County, Missouri, 1923.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this series are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 33 cm (13 inches) (Ap, E, and BE horizons)
argillic horizon--the zone from approximately 33 to 71 cm (13 to 28 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons)
paralithic contact-71 to 112 cm (28 to 44 inches)
lithic contact--112 cm (44 inches)

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, twelfth edition, 2014.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.