LOCATION CAFFEY MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over loamy, mixed, semiactive, nonacid, frigid Aeric Endoaquents
TYPICAL PEDON: Caffey muck - in a nearly level forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oa--0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face and rubbed muck; about 15 percent fibers, 2 percent rubbed; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 7 inches thick.)
Bw--6 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; black (10YR 2/1) organic stains along root channels; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 30 inches thick)
Cg--12 to 21 inches; 60 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and 40 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) stratified medium and fine sand; massive; friable; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick)
2C--21 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), gray (10YR 5/1), grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) stratified very fine sandy loam and loamy very fine sand; friable; massive; slightly effervescent; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick)
2Cg--35 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very fine sandy loam; massive; friable; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Mackinac County, Michigan; about 2.5 miles south of Garnet; 1,650 feet south and 50 feet east of the northwest corner of Sec. 16, T. 43 N., R. 8 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the loamy material (2C horizon) and free carbonates ranges from 18 to 39 inches. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 3 percent throughout. Mean annual soil temperature is 44 to 47 degrees F.
The upper part of the particle-size control section averages 3 to 10 percent clay and 75 to 90 percent sand. The lower part averages 18 to 27 percent clay and 5 to 50 percent fine and coarser sand.
The Oa horizon has hue of 10YR or is neutral, value of 2 and chroma of 0 or 1. Reaction is very strongly acid to neutral.
Some pedons have an A or Ap horizon.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline.
The Cg horizon has value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline.
The 2C horizon has hue of 5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. The 2Cg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. The 2C horizons are stratified silt, silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, and loamy fine sand with occasional strata of loamy sand, fine sand, sand, or silty clay loam. The strata vary widely in thickness and sequence of layers.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Closely related soils are the Coveytown series. Coveytown soils have greater than 1 percent rock fragments throughout the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Caffey soils are on nearly level to depressional areas on lake plains, outwash plains, and deltas. Slope gradients range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils formed in sandy deposits and in the underlying loamy and sandy stratified lacustrine sediments. Elevations are 600 to 800 feet. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 32 inches. The mean annual temperature ranges from 42 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period is 100 to 140 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ingalls, Iosco, Glawe, Leafriver, and Markey soils. The very poorly drained Markey soils have organic surface layers more than 16 inches thick. Ingalls and Iosco soils are somewhat poorly drained. Glawe soils have mollic epipedons. Leafriver soils have histic epipedons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. These soils have a seasonal high water table that is perched on the lower loamy material. The depth to the water table ranges from 1 foot above the surface to 1 foot below the surface at times during the period from from October to May. Surface runoff is very slow or ponded. Permeability is rapid or moderately rapid in the upper sandy horizons and moderately slow in the 2C horizons.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are forested. Common trees are quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, black ash, red maple, paper birch, balsam fir, balsam poplar, and northern white cedar. Some areas are wetland brush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the northern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The series is of minor extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mackinac County, Michigan, 1994.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric epipedon - from 0 to 6 inches (Oa horizon). Aquic soil moisture regime - within 40 to 50 cm, a hue of 10YR or redder, a chroma of 2 or less and redox features; Aeric subgroup - hue of 2.5Y or redder with chroma of 2 or more in the matrix within 75 cm of the surface.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record No.: MI0399