LOCATION CANTON BEND AL
Established Series
Rev. GLH: WJR; GRB
04/2022
CANTON BEND SERIES
The Canton Bend series consists of very deep, well drained, slowly permeable soils on level to gently undulating low stream terraces of the Southern Coastal Plain (MLRA 133A). They formed in stratified marine or stream sediments. Near the type location the average annual temperature is about degrees F., and the average annual precipitation is about inches. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Ultic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Canton Bend fine sandy loam, in a cultivated field (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated).
Ap--0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--7 to 18 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of most peds; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
Bt2--18 to 33 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of most peds; few black stains and small concretions; few fine flakes of mica; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) areas of iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 16 inches thick)
Bt3--33 to 52 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of few peds; few black (10YR 2/1) stains; common fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) areas of iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (12 to 20 inches thick)
BC--52 to 62 inches; 34 percent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), 33 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3), and 33 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; clay films on faces of a few peds; few black stains; many fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
C--62 to 80 inches; 34 percent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), 33 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3), and 33 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) stratified fine sandy loam and loam; massive; friable; many fine flakes of mica; the areas of red and yellowish brown are iron accumulations and the areas of pale brown are iron depletions; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Dallas County, Alabama. Approximately 6.0 miles east of Selma and 1.5 miles southwest of Everdale Church and about 50 feet east of the road. SE1/4, NE1/4 Sec. 7, T. 16 N., R. 12 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from about 40 to more than 60 inches. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout the profile, except where the surface has been limed. Depth to rock is more than 8 feet.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam or silt loam.
The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8, usually mottled with shades of brown, yellow, and red.
The lower part of the Bt horizon has similar colors and mottles but also includes strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, 5/8) matrix color.
The B2t horizon is clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay. Clay content in the upper 20 inches of the B2t horizon ranges from 35 to 45 percent, and averages about 37 percent. Silt content ranges from 30 to 55 percent.
The BC horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8, usually mottled in shades of brown, yellow, and red or is mottled in shades of red, brown, and yellow. Texture is fine sandy loam or loam.
The C horizon has the same range of colors as the BC horizon. Texture is loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam or loam and is commonly stratified in these textures. Gravelly strata may occur in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These include the
Gundy,
Hallsummit and
Skyuka series. Gundy soils are underlain by rippable bedrock at depths of less than 60 inches. Hallsummit soils have less than 30 percent silt in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils occur on level to gently undulating low stream terraces. They are subject to rare or occasional flooding. They formed in marine or stream deposits of stratified fine and medium textured materials, high in mica. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. The climate is humid subtropical. The mean annual temperature of 65 degrees F. and mean annual precipitation of 53 inches near the type location.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the
Annemaine,
Lenoir and
Wickham series. All of these associated soils are Ultisols. Annemaine and Lenoir soils are on lower positions. In addition, Annemaine soils are moderately well drained and the somewhat poorly drained Lenoir soils have yellower and thicker subsoils. Wickham soils are on higher positions and have fine-loamy control sections.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to slow runoff. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Canton Bend soil have been cleared and used for soybeans, cotton, corn, and improved pasture. The natural vegetation consists of pine and mixed hardwood of gum, oaks, hickory, and hackberry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Alabama and possibly Mississippi. The series is of small known extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dallas County, Alabama; 1977.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon: the zone from 0 to 7 inches (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: the zone from 7 to 62 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 and BC horizons).
Clay decrease: more than 20 percent decrease at 52-inch depth (BC horizon).
Base saturation: more than 35 percent base saturation.
Canton Bend soils have been included with the McQueen series. The type location was changed from the Lower Coastal Plain Substation in Wilcox County to Dallas County where a sizeable acreage has been mapped. The 4-2022 revision removed an offensive soil series name which was replaced by Hallsummit.
Canton Bend soils are in MLRA 133A.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available on the National Soil Survey website at: http://ncsslabdatamart.sc.egov.usda.gov/querypage.aspx
Laboratory data was provided by Auburn University, Soil Characterization laboratory, Auburn AL.
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station sample S73-Ala-24-5-(1-5).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.