LOCATION CARMACK                 WA

Established Series
Rev. TJJ/KDPL/TDT
09/2019

CARMACK SERIES

Landscape--mountains
Landform--mountain slopes
Slope--0 to 75 percent
Parent material--residuum derived from conglomerate and tuffaceous sandstone
Mean annual precipitation--about 640 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 6 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--frigid
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Ultic Argixerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Carmack loam, forested

Oe--0 to 5 cm; moderately decomposed forest litter

A1--5 to 8 cm; ashy loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; moderately acid (pH 5.6); abrupt smooth boundary

A2--8 to 46 cm; loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary

Bw--46 to 61 cm; loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary

Bt--61 to 117 cm; silty clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few very fine and fine and common medium roots; common very fine irregular pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary

BC--117 to 160 cm; loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and common medium roots; few very fine irregular pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0)

TYPE LOCATION: Yakima County, Washington, about 5 km southwest of Nile; about 300 m north and 120 m west of the southeast corner of section 16, T. 15 N., R. 15 E.; Willamette Meridian

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 46 cm
Mean annual soil temperature--7 to 8 degrees C
Moisture control section--usually moist, but dry 45 to 60 consecutive days in summer during most years
Base saturation (by sum of cations)--55 to 65 percent
Particle-size control section--18 to 35 percent clay; 15 to 30 percent sand coarser than very fine sand; 18 to 45 percent total sand
Reaction--5.6 to 6.5 throughout

Oe horizon
Thickness--1 to 5 cm

A horizon
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
Chroma--2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture--loam, silt loam
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent
Combined thickness--25 to 46 cm

Some pedons do not have a thin A1 horizon of volcanic ash.

Bw horizon
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
Value--5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma--2 or 3 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Texture--loam, silt loam, gravelly loam
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent
Thickness--13 to 18 cm

Bt horizon
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
Value--5 to 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--2 or 3 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Texture--silt loam, gravelly silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, gravelly loam
Rock fragment content--0 to 25 percent
Thickness--51 to 61 cm

BC horizon
Color--similar to that of the Bt horizon
Texture--sandy loam, loam, silt loam
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent

COMPETING SERIES:
Elkcreek--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (extrusive igneous rock)
Johnson--more than 45 percent total sand in particle-size control section
Middlefork--more than 30 percent fine sand or coarser material in particle-size control section; lamellae in argillic horizon
Mojo--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (extrusive igneous rock)
Molyneux--more than 30 percent sand or material coarser than very fine sand in particle-size control section
Muldoon--100 to 150 cm (deep) to a duripan
Muulmuul--more than 15 percent basalt fragments in particle-size control section
Simonton--no O horizon and more than 30 percent sand coarser than very fine sand in the control section
Skelter--dry 90 to 120 consecutive days in moisture control section; pH of 3.5 to 5.5 in lower part of profile
Suloaf--100 to 150 cm (deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--610 to 1375 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--510 to 890 mm
Mean January air temperature--about -4 degrees C
Mean July air temperature--about 19 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--about 6 degrees C
Frost-free period--about 145 to 170 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Jumpe, Sutkin--no argillic horizon; loamy-skeletal particle-size class
Sapkin--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--commercial timber production, livestock grazing, recreation, wildlife habitat, watershed
Native vegetation--mainly Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, western larch, pinegrass, elk sedge, Idaho fescue, bitterbrush, oceanspray, snowberry, and Oregon grape

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Washington; MLRA 6; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakima County, Washington; 1979

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--zone from 8 to 46 cm
*Argillic horizon--zone from 61 to 117 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 61 to 112 cm
*Base saturation (by sum of cations)--55 to 65 percent between depths of 25 and 75 cm

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.