LOCATION CHANCELLOR SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Chancellor silty clay loam - on a slightly concave slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular and weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--8 to 18 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable, sticky and slightly plastic; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 20 inches.)
Btg--18 to 28 inches; black (5Y 2/1) silty clay, dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; few fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redox concentrations; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; extremely hard, firm, sticky and plastic; shiny film on vertical faces of peds; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btzg--28 to 36 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silty clay, olive gray (5Y 4/2) dry; few tongues of black (5Y 2/1); common fine faint olive gray (5Y 4/2), and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; extremely hard, firm, sticky and plastic; shiny film on vertical faces of peds; few fine threads of salt; few fine dark concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined Bt horizons are 16 to 32 inches thick.)
Bkzg1--36 to 43 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) dry; common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations and few fine distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron and manganese stains; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine accumulations of calcium carbonate; few fine nests of gypsum; few fine dark concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bkzg2--43 to 53 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, gray (5Y 6/1) dry; few fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations and common fine distinct very dark brown (l0YR 2/2) iron and manganese stains; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine accumulations of calcium carbonate; common medium nests of gypsum; few fine dark concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined Bk horizons are 5 to 30 inches thick.)
Cg--53 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, gray (5Y 6/l) dry; common medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations and few fine distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron and manganese stains; massive; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few medium accumulations of calcium carbonate; many medium nests of gypsum; common fine dark concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, South Dakota; about 4 miles north and 2 miles west of Canton; 180 feet east and 342 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 33, T. 99 N., R. 49 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to free calcium carbonate ranges from 28 to 50 inches. The mollic epipedon ranges from 24 to 40 inches in thickness and typically extends into or through the Bt horizons. The solum contains less than 15 percent fine or coarser sand.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3 and 3 or 4 dry, and chroma of 1 or less. It typically is silty clay loam but is silty clay in some pedons. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 2 to 4 and 3 to 6 dry; and chroma of 1 or 2. Chroma of 1 is confined to the Btg1 horizon and does not extend to depths of more than 30 inches. It typically is silty clay, but is silty clay loam in some pedons. It contains an estimated 35 to 55 percent clay. It ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Bkg horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 3 to 6 and 4 to 7 dry, and chroma of 1 to 4. It typically is silty clay loam, but is silt loam in some pedons. It has few to many accumulations of carbonate. Accumulations of gypsum and other salts are few to many in most pedons. It is slightly or moderately alkaline. Some pedons have 2Bkg horizons of loam or clay loam below 40 inches.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 1 to 4. It typically is silty clay loam, but some is clay loam or loam. It is slightly or moderately alkaline. Accumulations of carbonates are few or common in most pedons. Visible nests of gypsum are present in most pedons. Some pedons have 2C horizons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bremer, Crossplain, Edinburg, Haig, Mazaska, Minnetonka, Taintor, Virden, Winterset, and Worthing series. The Bremer, Edinburg, Haig, Taintor, and Winterset soils do not have free calcium carbonate within depths of 60 inches. In addition, the Haig and Taintor soils have mollic epipedons less than 24 inches thick. Crossplain soils contain more than 15 percent fine sand or coarser. Mazaska soils are more acid, have mollic epipedons less than 24 inches thick, and have 2 to 8 percent coarse fragments composed primarily of shale. Minnetonka soils have thinner mollic epipedons and have a wetter soil moisture control section. Virden soils have thinner mollic epipedons. Worthing soils are more poorly drained and have chroma of 1 or less throughout the solum.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Chancellor soils are in nearly level swales and depressed upland drains. Slopes are plane or concave with slope gradients of 1 percent or less. The soils formed in local silty alluvium. The mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 18 to 26 inches. Growing season is about 130 to 165 days; average growing season precipitation ranges from 14 to 20 inches; and growing degree days are about 2600 to 3400.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Egan, Tetonka, Trent, Viborg, Wakonda, Wentworth, and Whitewood soils and the competing Worthing soils. Egan and Wentworth soils are well drained and do not have an argillic horizon and are on landscapes above the Chancellor soils. Tetonka soils have an E horizon and are in depressions. The Trent and Viborg soils are fine-silty and in the shallower, better drained swales and drainageways. Wakonda soils have a calcic horizon and are at edges of depressions and swales. Whitewood soils are fine-silty and are in similar positions as the Chancellor soils. Worthing soils are in depressions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly and poorly drained. Surface runoff is slow or very slow. Permeability is slow. The perched watertable typically is between depths of 0 and 2 feet in the spring.
USE AND VEGETATION: Commonly used to grow corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. Some areas are in native range with big bluestem, green needlegrass, porcupinegrass, switchgrass, western wheatgrass, sideoats grama, sedges, and forbs the major species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central and southeastern South Dakota. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, South Dakota, 1971.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 36 inches (Ap, A, Btg, Btgz horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from about 18 to 36 inches (Btg, Btgz horizons).