LOCATION COPEMISH MI
Established Series
Rev. LKB-EPJ-MLK
08/2012
COPEMISH SERIES
The Copemish series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in sandy eolian deposits on dunes and beach ridges. Slope ranges from 3 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 787 mm (31 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic, ortstein Entic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Copemish sand, on a convex, 4 percent slope, in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated. When described on July 15, 1996, the profile was dry to 102 cm (40 inches) and moist below.)
A--0 to 5 cm (2 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine to medium and few coarse roots; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. [5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) thick]
E1--5 to 18 cm (2 to 7 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; single grain; loose; many very fine to medium and few coarse roots; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
E2--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches); 80 percent brown (7.5YR 5/3) and 20 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; single grain; loose; many very fine to medium and few coarse roots; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the E horizon is 10 to 23 cm (4 to 9 inches).]
Bs1--28 to 71 cm (11 to 28 inches); 60 percent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) and 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; single grain; loose; few fine and medium roots; columns of moderately cemented brown (7.5YR 4/4) ortstein and strongly cemented dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2) ortstein 46 to 61 cm (18 to 24 inches) wide and 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches) apart extend into the Bs2 horizon; ortstein occupies about 70 percent of the horizon; extremely acid; clear irregular boundary.
Bs2--71 to 91 cm (28 to 36 inches); 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 50 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; single grain; loose; columns of moderately cemented brown (7.5YR 4/4) ortstein and strongly cemented dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2) ortstein 46 to 61 cm (18 to 24 inches) wide and 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches) apart extend into this horizon from the Bs1 horizon; ortstein occupies about 70 percent of the horizon; extremely acid; clear irregular boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bs horizon is 8 to 76 cm (3 to 30 inches).]
C--91 to 244 cm (36 to 96 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Manistee County, Michigan, about 1 mile west of Copemish; 1300 feet north and 1400 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 24 N., R. 14 W., Springdale Township; USGS Copemish topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 28 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 57 minutes 14 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Reaction: extremely acid or very strongly acid throughout the series control section
A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1
Texture: sand
E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sand
Bs1 horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 4 to 6
Ortstein content: 51 to 70 percent and occurs in columns
Texture: sand
Bs2 horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 6
Ortstein content: 51 to 80 percent and occurs in columns
Texture: sand
Bhs horizon, where present:
Hue: 5YR
Value: 2.5 or 3
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sand
BC horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 6
Texture: sand
C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: sand
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Copemish soils are on dunes and beach ridges on outwash plains. Slope ranges from 3 to 35 percent. These soils formed in sandy eolian deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 813 mm (30 to 32 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 8.3 to 9.4 degrees C (47 to 49 degrees F). Elevation is 183 to 305 meters (600 to 1000 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Adrian,
Dair,
Brethren,
Covert,
Grattan,
Houghton,
Kaleva,
Pipestone, and
Saugatuck soils. The poorly drained Dair soils and the very poorly drained Houghton and Adrian soils are located in and along minor drainageways. The moderately well drained Brethren and Covert soils are located on slightly lower landform positions. The excessively drained Grattan and Kaleva soils are on similar landform positions. The somewhat poorly drained Pipestone and Saugatuck soils are on lower landform positions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the orstein and very high below. Permeability is moderately rapid in the ortstein and rapid below.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested. Native vegetation includes red and white oak, aspen, red maple, bracken fern, and wintergreen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 96 in northwestern lower peninsula of Michigan. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Manistee County, Michigan, 2005.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 28 cm (11 inches) (A and E horizons).
Albic horizon: from a depth of 5 to 28 cm (2 to 11 inches) (E horizons).
Spodic Horizon: from a depth of 28 to 91 cm (11 to 36 inches) (Bs horizons).
Orstein feature: cementation in 70 percent of the Bs horizons.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Site of Typical Pedon: Reference Soil No. S96MI-101-003, National Soil Survey Laboratory Pedon No. 97P 138, Sample No. 97P 921-926.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.