LOCATION CROSIER IN+MI

Established Series
Rev. RAB-FF-TRZ
11/2021

CROSIER SERIES

The Crosier series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in till on till plains and moraines. They are moderately deep to dense till. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 940 mm (37 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Crosier loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 260 meters (852 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; 1 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

Eg--20 to 28 cm (8 to 11 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) clay depletions on faces of peds; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 25 cm (10 inches) thick]

Btg--28 to 51 cm (11 to 20 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt--51 to 76 cm (20 to 30 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 46 to 86 cm (18 to 34 inches).]

BC--76 to 96 cm (30 to 38 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common prominent gray (10YR 6/1) carbonate masses on faces of peds; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 38 cm (15 inches) thick]

Cd--96 to 203 cm (38 to 80 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; very firm; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron along vertical faces of prisms; few prominent gray (10YR 6/1) carbonate masses on vertical faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: St. Joseph County, Indiana; about 1 1/2 miles north and 1 1/4 miles east of Woodland; 280 feet south and 560 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 36 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Wyatt, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 35 minutes 34.38 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 9 minutes 21.28 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 570349 easting and 4604926 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 20 to 34 percent clay and 30 to 60 percent sand

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5, 6 or more dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, silt loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Eg or BEg horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, silt loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Btg or Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

BC or CB horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content: 12 to 25 percent
Sand content: less than 60 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent gravel and 0 to 1 percent cobbles or stones
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 15 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline

Cd horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent
Sand content: less than 60 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent gravel and 0 to 1 percent cobbles or stones
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aubbeenaubbee, Baugo, Haskins, Lamberjack, and Shebeon series. Aubbeenaubbee soils are deeper than 102 cm (40 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. Baugo soils average more than 60 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Haskins soils have more than 25 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Lamberjack soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Shebeon soils are typically less than 61 cm (24 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon and typically less acidic in the upper and middle parts of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Crosier soils are on swells on till plains and moraines of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent. Crosier soils formed in loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 864 to 1067 mm (34 to 42 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 8.3 to 11.7 degrees C (47 to 53 degrees F). Frost-free period is 140 to 185 days. Elevation is 183 to 466 meters (600 feet to 1,530 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Barry, Brookston, Miami, Riddles, Wawasee, and Williamstown soils. The poorly drained Barry and Brookston soils are in depressions on till plains and moraines. The moderately well drained Miami soils and the well drained Riddles and Wawasee soils are on narrow summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes of dissected till plains and moraines. The moderately well drained Williamstown soils are on narrow summits and backslopes of dissected till plains.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Depth to the top of an intermittent perched high water table ranges from 15 to 46 cm (0.5 to 1.5 feet) for some time in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the subsoil and moderately low or low in the underlying material. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the subsoil, moderately slow in the lower part of the subsoil, and slow or very slow in the underlying dense material.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are used to grow corn, soybeans, and small grain (wheat and oats). Some areas are used for hay and pasture. A few areas are in woods. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 97, 98, 111B, 111C, and 111D in Indiana and Michigan. The series is of large extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Joseph County, Indiana, 1974.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 28 cm (11 inches) (Ap, Eg horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 28 to 76 cm (11 to 30 inches) (Btg, Bt horizons).
Aquic conditions: clay depletions or clay films with chroma of 1 in horizons between 20 to 96 cm (8 and 38 inches) (Eg, Btg, Bt, BC horizons).

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124261 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124262 represents the 1 to 4 percent slope phase.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 154984 represents a fine sandy loam surface phase.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S70IN-71-5-(1-6)) from the Purdue University Soil Characterization Lab. Lab characterization data is also available from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T99IN-141-001) is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 80 percent Crosier and similar soils, 10 percent Aubbeenaubbee soils, and 10 percent Williamstown soils.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.