LOCATION CANADICE NY+OH PA
Established Series
Rev. JRS-STP-LER
05/2011
CANADICE SERIES
The Canadice series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed dominantly in clayey glaciolacustrine sediments on Wisconsinan age lake plains, slackwater terraces and valley floors. Permeability is very slow. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The mean annual temperature is about 49 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation is about 38 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, illitic, mesic Typic Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Canadice silty clay loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap -- 0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate coarse blocky structure; friable, slightly plastic; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick.)
Btg1 -- 9 to 24 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay; strong very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak and moderate medium angular blocky; firm, plastic, sticky; many faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg2 -- 24 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay; strong very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak and moderate coarse and very coarse angular blocky; firm, plastic, sticky; many faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium prominent yellowish brown(10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg horizon is 12 to 36 inches.)
BCg -- 32 to 40 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm, plastic, sticky; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick.)
Cg -- 40 to 72 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay; few medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and prominent gray (N 5/0) mottles; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Chautauqua County, New York; 1 1/2 miles north of VanBuren, about three miles southwest of Dunkirk near road corner. USGS Brockton, New York topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 27 minutes, 44 seconds N. and Longitude 79 degrees, 23 minutes, 04 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 28 to 58 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Rock fragments, mainly gravel and channers, range from 0 to 2 percent throughout the soil, but are commonly absent.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4, with value of 4 or 5 restricted to Ap horizons. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Structure is weak or moderate, fine to coarse, granular, subangular blocky or angular blocky. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid. Areas that have been limed range to neutral.
The Eg or Bg horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or neutral, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2. Faces of peds have hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or neutral, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 0 to 2 above 30 inches, and 0 to 4 below 30 inches. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Structure is weak to strong, medium to very coarse prismatic, or medium to coarse, angular blocky or subangular blocky. Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, or is neutral, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 4. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay or clay. Structure is weak, coarse or very coarse, prismatic, angular blocky or subangular blocky. Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 4. Texture is silty clay or clay. Some pedons may have strata of silt loam, loam, silty clay loam or clay loam. Reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: The
Wetzel series is the only other series in this family. The Wetzel soils have a rock fragment content ranging from 2 to 15 percent in the lower part of the B and C horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Canadice soils are on broad concave flats and depressions on Wisconsinan age lake plains, slackwater terraces and valley floors. These soils formed dominantly in clayey glaciolacustrine sediments. In some areas the lake sediments are underlain by Wisconsinan age till substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Elevations range from 570 to 1,300 feet msl. The climate is humid temperate. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 46 inches. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 52 degrees F. The mean growing season ranges from 110 to 198 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Caneadea, Canadaigua,
Fonda,
Lorain,
Rhinebeck,
Stanhope (T),
Teel,
Wallkill,
Wayland and
Wick (T)soils. The somewhat poorly drained Caneadea soils on higher landscape positions and the very poorly drained Lorain soils on lower landscape positions are in a toposequence with Canadice soils. The Canadaigua and Fonda soils have mollic epipedons and are on lower landscape positions. The somewhat poorly drained Rhinebeck soils are on higher landscape positions. The Stanhope (T), Teel, Wallkill, Wayland and Wick (T) soils are coarser textured and are on nearby flood plains.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to very high. Permeability is moderate to moderately slow in the surface and very slow in the subsoil and substratum. Depth to an intermittent apparent water table is +0.5 to 1.0 foot from November to June in normal years. Frequent brief ponding occurs during periods of heavy rainfall and spring snowmelt.
USE AND VEGETATION: The soil was originally covered with mixed hardwoods, however, at present, about 30 percent is cropped, 30 percent is pastured, and the remainder is in farm woodlots or is idle.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western New York, northeastern Ohio, and northern Pennsylvania. MLRA's 101, 124, 127, 139, 140, and 149B. The soils of this series are moderately extensive, about 56,000 acres in size.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Crawford County, Pennsylvania, 1946.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in the typifying pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 9 inches (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon - the zone from 9 to 32 inches (Btg1 and Btg2 horizons).
Aquic conditions - begin at a depth of 9 inches.
Typic subgroup - the zone to 30 inches below the soil surface is dominated by more than 60 percent with chroma of 2 or less (Btg1 and Btg2 horizons).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.