LOCATION CANAL OH

Established Series
Rev. JRS-RJG-SJH
11/2021

CANAL SERIES

The Canal series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in stratified silty and clayey glaciolacustrine deposits on lake plains and terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 mm (36 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Canal silt loam, on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 270 meters (885 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 25 cm (5 to 10 inches) thick]

Btg--23 to 36 cm (9 to 14 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (6 inches) thick]

Bt1--36 to 61 cm (14 to 24 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2--61 to 91 cm (24 to 36 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; dark gray (10YR 4/1) organo-clay films on vertical faces of peds; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 63 to 89 cm (25 to 35 inches).]

BCg--91 to 114 cm (36 to 45 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure with weak stratification on interiors; firm; common faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on vertical faces of peds; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches) thick]

2C--114 to 152 cm (45 to 60 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; massive; very firm; common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg--152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay; massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Fairfield County, Ohio; 3 miles northeast of Baltimore, in Walnut Township; 700 feet north and 500 feet west of southeast corner of sec. 17, T. 16 N., R.18 W.; USGS Baltimore topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 51 minutes 43 seconds N. and long. 82 degrees 34 minutes 14 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches)
Thickness of the solum: 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches)
Depth to the clayey glaciolacustrine material: 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches)
Rock fragments: most pedons do not have rock fragments; up to 5 percent rock fragments by volume is in subhorizons of B and 2C horizons of some pedons
Series control section: subhorizons average less than 20 percent sand; stratification or lamination is evident; exchangeable sodium percentage is less than 1 percent throughout

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 (6 or more dry)
Chroma: 2
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral depending on liming history

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 10 cm (l to 4 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry)
Chroma of 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral depending on liming history

E horizon, where present:
Thickness: 8 to 20 cm (3 to 8 inches)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 (7 or 8 dry)
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam

BE horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Redox features: few to many iron accumulations

Btg horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: dominantly silt loam or silty clay loam; some pedons have thin subhorizons of loam or clay loam or thin lenses of fine sandy loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Redox features: few to many iron depletions and accumulations
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Redox features: few to many iron depletions and accumulations
Texture: dominantly silt loam or silty clay loam; some pedons have thin subhorizons of loam or clay loam or thin lenses of fine sandy loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

2Bt horizon, where present:
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent

BCg or 2BCg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay and can have thin strata of loam or sandy clay loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

2C or 2Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y, or is neutral
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 0 to 4
Texture: it is laminated or stratified; silty clay or clay
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Lauer, Lieber, Taggart, Tiro, and Westboro series. Lauer, Lieber, Taggart, and Westboro soils are more than 127 cm (50 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. Tiro soils have till in the lower part of the series control section and are not laminated or stratified.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Canal soils are on lake plains and terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in stratified silty and clayey glaciolacustrine deposits. Climate is humid and temperate. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1067 mm (32 to 42 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 9 to 12 degrees C (48 to 54 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 178 days. Elevation is 265 to 277 meters (870 to 910 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Glenford, McGary, and Montgomery soils. The moderately well drained Glenford soils are on higher landscape positions. The somewhat poorly drained McGary soils are on nearby dissected slopes. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Montgomery soils are in shallow, wet depressions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent perched high water table ranges from 15 to 46 cm (0.5 to 1.5 feet) between November and May in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the Canal soils are cultivated. Principal crops are corn, oats, wheat, soybeans, and mixed hay. Some areas are still wooded. Red maple, beech, red oak, pin oak, elm, and hickory are the main tree species. Native vegetation is hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South central Ohio; MLRA 111E. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fairfield County, Ohio, 1998.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 23 to 91 cm (Btg, Bt horizons).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons below a depth of 23 cm.

These soils were previously mapped as Fitchville clayey substratum.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data are available for FA-36, the typical pedon, from the Soil Characterization Laboratory at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Additional data is available for the following profile: MD-21.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.