LOCATION CHEWACLA NC+AL GA SC TN VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Chewacla loam--cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 4 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (1 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--4 to 14 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine flakes of mica; few medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--14 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; many fine flakes of mica; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw3--26 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw4--38 to 47 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw5--47 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and red (2.5YR 5/8) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine flakes of mica; areas with gray color are iron depletions and areas with red color are masses of oxidized iron; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 6 to 60 inches)
C--60 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) and gray (7.5YR 5/1) loam; massive; friable; many fine flakes of mica; areas with gray color are iron depletions very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Halifax County, North Carolina; 1.0 mile east southeast of Norfleet on Secondary Road 1800, 1.3 miles east southeast on a farm path, 1.0 mile south southwest on farm path, 0.5 mile southeast of the farm path, in a wooded area.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 80 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 6 to 24 inches, November to April
Rock Fragment content: Less than 5 percent, by volume, in the A and upper B horizons. In some pedons, gravel content ranges to 15 percent by volume in the lower B horizons.
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid to a depth of 40 inches, very strongly acid to mildly alkaline below 40 inches, except where limed
Other Features: Few to many mica flakes throughout and none to common
concretions
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon or A horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 1 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam
Ab horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
AB or BA horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Bw horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8 or variegated in shades of these colors
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam
Redoximorphic features (were present)--masses of oxidized in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
Bg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam
Redoximorphic features (where present)-masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
BC horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam
Redoximorphic features (where present)-- masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
BCg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shade of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
C horizon or 2C horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam. Below 40 inches, texture is commonly variable, ranging from extremely gravelly sand to clay.
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--masses of oxidized iron in shade of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
Cg horizon or 2Cg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam or silty clay loam. Below 40 inches, texture is commonly variable, ranging from extremely gravelly sand to clay.
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shade of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
COMPETING SERIES:
Oakboro soils--have bedrock at 40 to 60 inches and occur in the Carolina Slate Belt
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont and Coastal Plain river valleys that drain out of the Piedmont
Landform: Flood plains
Parent Material: Alluvium
Elevation: 10 to 700 feet
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 58 to 68 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 37 to 69 inches
Frost Free Period: 185 to 250 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
On flood plains:
Bibb soils--are in a coarse-loamy family and are poorly drained
Buncombe soils--are sandy and excessively drained
Cartecay soils--are in a coarse-loamy family
Chastain soils--are in a clayey family and are poorly drained
Chenneby soils--are in a fine-silty family
Congaree soils--lack a cambic horizon
Enoree soils--are in a coarse-loamy family
Oakboro soils--have bedrock at 40 to 60 inches and occur in the Carolina Slate Belt
Riverview soils--are well drained
Shellbluff soils--are well drained and in a fine-silty family
Tawcaw soils--are in a clayey family
Wehadkee soils--are poorly drained
On adjacent stream terraces (all of these soils have an argillic horizon):
Altavista soils--are moderatelt well drained
Augusta soils--are somewhat poorly drained
Dogue soils--are in a clayey family, are moderately well drained, and occur in the Coastal Plain region
Dorian soils--are in a clayey family, are moderately well drained, and occur in the
Piedmont region
Merry Oaks soils--are in a fine-silty family and occur in the Piedmont region
Moncure soils--are in a fine-silty family, are poorly drained, and occur in the Piedmont region
Roanoke soils--are in a clayey family and are poorly drained
State soils--are well drained
Wahee soils--are in a clayey family and occur in the Coastal Plain region
Warne soils--are in a clayey family and occur in the Piedmont region
Wickham soils--are well drained
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class (Agricultural): Somewhat poorly drained
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible to very low
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Very shallow to moderately deep, common
Flooding Frequency and Duration: Frequent to rare for very brief to long periods
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Permeability: Moderate
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Pasture, cropland, some forest
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, small grain. Where wooded--yellow poplar, sweetgum, water oak, eastern cottonwood, green ash, blackgum, red maple, willow oak, and American sycamore. Loblolly pines are in some areas that are not subject to frequent flooding. Common understory plants include river birch, winged elm, hackberry, greenbrier, American holly, black willow, sourwood, eastern and hophornbeam.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia
Extent: Large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hall County, Georgia; 1937.
REMARKS: 4/18/03, DTA. In 2003 version, moved the type location from Burke County, North Carolina to Halifax County, North Carolina. The former type location is located in the mesic part of MLRA 136. The 05/2006 revision removed MLRA 153B. RIC of Ap revised to allow silty clay loam texture.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 4 inches (Ap horizon)
Cambic horizon--the zone from 4 to 60 inches (Bw horizons)
Aquic conditions--the soil has redox depletions and concentrations within the upper 24 inches of the soil, with periodic saturation and reduction at some time during the year
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 60 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: None
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0055 CHEWACLA 0-2 57-70 185-250 37-69 10-700SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0055 RARE FREQ 0.5-2.0 APPARENT NOV-APR >80
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0055 0-4 FSL SL 0-0 95-100 5-20 4-20 NC0055 0-4 SIL L CL 0-0 95-100 10-35 5-30 NC0055 4-26 SIL SICL CL 0-0 95-100 18-35 10-25 NC0055 26-38 SCL L SL 0-0 95-100 18-35 10-25 NC0055 38-60 SIL CL SICL 0-0 75-100 18-35 10-25 NC0055 60-72 VAR - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0055 0-4 4.5-6.5 1.0-4.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0055 0-4 4.5-6.5 1.0-4.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0055 4-26 4.5-6.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0055 26-38 4.5-6.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0055 38-60 4.5-7.8 0.5-2.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0055 60-72 - - - - -