LOCATION ROANOKE            VA+AL GA NC SC 
Established Series
JHW-DLJ, Rev. RLV
04/2006

ROANOKE SERIES


MLRA(s): 136, 133A, 153A
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
Depth Class: Very Deep
Drainage Class: Poorly drained
Permeability: Slow to very slow
Surface Runoff: Slow to very slow
Parent Material: Formed in clayey fluvial sediments
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 58 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 46 inches

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Endoaquults

TYPICAL PEDON: Roanoke silt loam - on a 1 percent slope in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil.)

Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)

Btg1--7 to 12 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2--12 to 20 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few medium and large roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3--20 to 40 inches; gray (N 6/0) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few medium and large roots; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation; common faint clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent quartz gravel; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg horizon is 25 to 50 inches.)

BCg--40 to 50 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam with a few pockets of sand; weak fine subangular and angular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many medium distinct pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) and many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation; 2 percent quartz gravel; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)

2Cg--50 to 72 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) strata ranging from sand to clay; massive; many gray and green iron depletions and yellow irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation; some strata contain up to 40 percent quartz gravel; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Halifax County, Virginia; 2 miles north of Clover, 100 yards from the Southern Railroad on east side of highway VA-600.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum Thickness: 40 to 60 inches
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 0 to 12, November to May
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the solum unless limed, and extremely acid to slightly acid in the Cg or 2Cg horizon
Other Features: Particle-size control section has more than 30 percent silt; flakes of mica range from few to common in most pedons; quartz gravels make up 0 to 10 percent of the solum and 0 to 50 percent of the C horizon

A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2; where value is 2 or 3 it is less than 6 inches thick
Texture--fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam

Eg horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2
Texture--fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam

BA or BE horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2
Texture--loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses in shades of brown, yellow, or red and iron depletions in shades of olive or gray

Btg horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2
Texture--clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
Redoximorphic features--iron masses in shades of brown, yellow, or red and iron depletions in shades of olive or gray

BCg horizon (if it occurs):
Color--has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2
Texture--clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay; some pedons have pockets or strata of coarser textures
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses in shades of brown, yellow, or red and iron depletions in shades of olive or gray

Cg or 2Cg horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2
Texture--commonly stratified ranging from sand to clay in the fine-earth fraction

COMPETING SERIES:
In same family;
Chickahominy soils--have a solum thickness of more than 60 inches
Gertie soils--occur on terraces and low lying flats of the lower coastal plain
Pooler soils-- have a solum thickness of more than 60 inches
In the similar active family;
Worsham soils--occur on piedmont uplands along drainageways, heads of drains, and depressions

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont
Landform: Terraces and drainageways of the piedmont and the upper and middle coastal plain
Elevation: 25 to 750 feet above mean sea level
Parent Material: formed in clayey fluvial sediments
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 56 to 62 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 42 to 48 inches
Frost Free Period: 175 to 260 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Altavista soils--moderately well drained soils (seasonal high water table 18 to 30 inches) in fine-loamy family on higher landscapes
Augusta soils--somewhat poorly drained soils (seasonal high water table 12 to 18 inches) in fine-loamy family on higher landscapes
Chewacla soils--somewhat poorly drained soils (seasonal high water table 6 to 24 inches) in fine-loamy family on flood plains
Congaree soils--well to moderately well drained soils (seasonal high water table 30 to 48 inches) that lack argillic horizons and are on floodplains and at the base of slopes
State soils--well drained soils (seasonal high water table 48 to 72 inches) in fine-loamy family on higher landscapes
Wehadkee soils--poorly drained soils (seasonal high water table 0 to 12 inches) in fine-loamy family on flood plains

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Agricultural Drainage Class: Poorly drained
Permeability: Slow to very slow

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Mostly in woodland
Dominant Vegetation: Where wooded--red maple, sweetgum, black gum, sycamore, willow oak, white oak, river birch, yellow-poplar, bald cypress, water tupelo and scattered loblolly pine. Where cultivated--corn, soybeans, small grain, and pasture.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Southern piedmont and the upper and middle coastal plain in Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina
Extent: Moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Halifax County, North Carolina, 1916.

REMARKS: The Gertie series has been established by correlation in City of Chesapeake, Virginia 2004 to represent these soils in the lower Coastal Plain. Roanoke soils are restricted to stream terraces of the Piedmont and upper and middle Coastal Plain.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 7 inches (Ap horizon).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 7 to 40 inches (Btg horizon).

ADDITIONAL DATA:

TABULAR SERIES DATA:

SOI-5  Soil Name   Slope  Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip  Elevation
VA0074 ROANOKE     0-  2   57- 65  175-260  38- 54   250- 750
VA0198 ROANOKE     0-  2   57- 65  175-260  38- 54   250- 750

SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock VA0074 NONE COMMON 0-1.0 APPARENT NOV-MAY >60 VA0198 FREQ - APPARENT - >60

SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- VA0074 0-7 FSL 0-0 80-100 10-18 - VA0074 0-7 SIL L 0-0 85-100 10-27 - VA0074 0-7 SICL CL 0-0 85-100 27-32 - VA0074 7-12 CL SICL 0-0 85-100 20-35 - VA0074 12-50 C SIC CL 0-0 85-100 35-60 - VA0074 50-72 SR S C 0-5 35-100 5-50 -

VA0198 0-7 SIL L FSL 0-0 85-100 10-27 - VA0198 0-7 SICL 0-0 85-100 27-35 - VA0198 7-50 C SIC CL 0-0 85-100 35-60 - VA0198 50-72 SR SC C 0-5 35-100 5-50 -

SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salinity Permeability Shrink-Swell VA0074 0-7 3.5-5.5 1.-3. 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW VA0074 0-7 3.5-5.5 .5-2. 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW VA0074 0-7 3.5-5.5 .5-1. 0-0 0.06-0.2 MODERATE VA0074 7-12 3.5-5.5 0..5 0-0 0.06-0.2 MODERATE VA0074 12-50 3.5-5.5 0-.5 0-0 0.06-0.2 MODERATE VA0074 50-72 3.5-5.5 0-.5 0-0 0.06-20 MODERATE

VA0198 0-7 4.5-5.5 .5-3. 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW VA0198 0-7 4.5-5.5 .5-1. 0-0 0.2-0.6 MODERATE VA0198 7-50 4.5-5.5 0-.5 0-0 0.06-0.2 MODERATE VA0198 50-72 4.5-5.5 0-.5 0-0 0.06-20 MODERATE


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.