LOCATION COLOMA WI+IA IL IN MI MN

Established Series
Rev. AJO-GWH-MB
12/2015

COLOMA SERIES

The Coloma series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained or excessively drained soils formed in sandy drift. These soils are on moraines, outwash plains, deltas, and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 787 mm (31 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 9.4 degrees C (49 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Lamellic Udipsamments

TYPICAL PEDON: Coloma loamy sand, on a convex, 4 percent slope in a wooded area at an elevation of 347 meters (1,140 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; about 2 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches) thick]

Bw1--10 to 38 cm (4 to 15 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium roots; many very fine irregular pores; about 2 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2--38 to 99 cm (15 to 39 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium roots; about 1 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 51 to 114 cm (20 to 45 inches).]

E and Bt--99 to 200 cm (39 to 79 inches); about 90 percent light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sand (E), pink (7.5YR 7/4) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 10 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand (Bt) consisting of several wavy and discontinuous lamellae 0.3 to 4 cm (1/8 to 1.5 inches) thick (total thickness equal to 13 cm (5 inches); weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay bridges between sand grains; few fine roots; about 7 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid. [30 to more than 152 cm (12 to more than 60 inches) thick]

TYPE LOCATION: Waushara County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles southwest of Coloma; about 400 feet south and 1,150 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 29, T. 18 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Coloma, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 00 minutes 34.9 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 34 minutes and 0.4 seconds W.; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the first lamellae; 51 to 152 cm (20 to 60 inches)
Total thickness of the lamellae: less than 15 cm (6 inches) to a depth of 200 cm (79 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages less than 50 percent fine sand, 25 percent or more medium, coarse, and very coarse sand
Mean annual soil temperature: 8.9 to 11.7 degrees C (48 to 53 degrees F)

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: loamy sand or sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

Ap horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loamy sand or sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

E horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid, or neutral if pedon is limed

Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: mostly sand or loamy sand, some pedons have subhorizons of fine sand or loamy fine sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid, or neutral if pedon is limed

E and Bt horizon (lamellae):
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7 (E part), 3 to 5 (Bt part)
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: typically sand, but some pedons have subhorizons of fine sand (E part); typically loamy sand, some pedons have sandy loam or sand, or subhorizons of loamy fine sand (Bt part)
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid in the upper part, and strongly acid to neutral in the lower part

C horizon, where present within the series control section:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chelsea, Colonie, Grinter, Lakin, and Millrock series. Chelsea and Colonie soils have more than 50 percent fine sand in the particle-size control section. Grinter and Lakin soils do not have a Bw horizon with blocky structure within the series control section. Millrock soils have a buried A horizon within the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Coloma soils are on moraines, outwash plains, deltas, and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. These soils formed in sandy drift. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 1040 mm (28 to 41 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.8 to 10.6 degrees C (46 to 51 degrees F). The frost-free period is 135 to 200 days. Elevation is 183 to 427 meters (600 to 1400 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kranski, Mecan, Metea, Okee, Plainfield, Richford, and Spinks soils. Kranski, Metea, and Mecan soils are nearby on moraines, formed in sandy and loamy till, and have argillic horizons. Okee soils are nearby on moraines and have 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) of a sandy outwash or eolian mantle over loamy till. Plainfield soils are on landscape positions similar to those of Coloma soils but do not have lamellae. Richford soils are on landscape positions similar to those of Coloma soils and have a thin sandy loam argillic horizon. Spinks soils have total accumulations of lamellae greater than 15 cm (6 inches) thick.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained or excessively drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high throughout. Permeability is rapid in the Bw and E parts and moderately rapid or rapid in the lamellae. These soils are very rarely flooded or rarely flooded for very brief or brief duration on stream terraces with slopes of less than 5 percent.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in second and third growth timber or in pasture. A few areas are managed for forage production. Some areas are irrigated and cultivated. The native vegetation is mainly deciduous trees (pin oaks). In MLRAs 96, 97, and 98, the native vegetation is mainly eastern white pine, jack pine, and red pine.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 89, 96, 97, 98, 104, 105, and LRUs 95A, 95B, 108A, 108B, 111B, 111C, 111D, and 115C in central and southern Wisconsin, northern Indiana, Illinois, southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, southern Michigan, and Ohio. This series is of large in extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Waushara County, Wisconsin, 1909.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 99 cm (0 to 39 inches) (A, Bw horizons).
Lamellic subgroup: presence of lamellae between the depth of 99 and 200 cm (E and Bt horizon).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data is available for User Pedon ID S1978WI137002 from the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.