LOCATION DELOIT IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Deloit loam, on a slope of 7 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 360 meters (1,180 feet) above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; common fine roots; common fine tubular pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--20 to 46 centimeters (8 to 18 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak very fine and fine granular; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--46 to 76 centimeters (18 to 30 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
A3--76 to 102 centimeters (30 to 40 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 61 to 114 centimeters (24 to 45 inches).]
AB--102 to 127 centimeters (40 to 50 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak very fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 30 centimeters (0 to 12 inches) thick]
Bw1--127 to 155 centimeters (50 to 61 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw2--155 to 175 centimeters (61 to 69 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw3--175 to 203 centimeters (69 to 80 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: MLRA 107B-Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills, Woodbury County, Iowa subset; about 5 miles north of Correctionville; about 2,050 feet west and 900 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 1, T. 89 N., R. 42 W.; USGS Washta quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 32 minutes 59 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 44 minutes 56.8 seconds W., NAD 83
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--greater than 127 centimeters (50 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--61 to 140 centimeters (24 to 55 inches)
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--22 to 30 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--25 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--18 to 30 percent
Sand content--20 to 45 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.35 g/cc to 1.45 g/cc
AB horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Moist bulk density--1.35 g/cc to 1.45 g/cc
Bw, Bt, or Bk horizon (if it occurs):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam, clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Thickness--53 to 135 centimeters (21 to 53 inches)
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Moist bulk density--1.40 g/cc to 1.45 g/cc
Some pedons have BC horizons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Alsea,
Dameron,
Du Page,
Olmitz,
Racket,
Ross,
Spillco,
Spillville,
Terril, and
Turlin series.
Alseahave a reaction range of moderately acid or strongly acid in the series control section
Dameron--have more than 15 percent rock fragments within a depth of 102 centimeters (40 inches)
Du Page--have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters (10 inches)
Olmitz--have a saturated zone between depths of 122 to 152 centimeters (4 to 5 feet) at some time from November to July in most years and have a clay content of 28 to 34 percent in the particle-size control section
Racket--have more than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower third of the series control section
Ross--have carbonates between depths of 61 to 114 centimeters (24 to 45 inches) and have a mollic epipedon 61 to 102 centimeters (24 to 40 inches) thick
Spillco--have carbonates between depths of 30 to 91 centimeters (12 to 36 inches) and have a mollic epipedon more than 102 centimeters (40 inches) thick
Spillville--have a saturated zone between depths of 30 to 61 centimeters (1 to 2 feet) during April to June in most years and have a clay content of 5 to 24 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Terril--have a saturated zone between depths of 107 to 183 centimeters (3.5 to 6 feet) during March to June in most years and have a clay content of 18 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Turlin--have a saturated zone between depths of 30 to 91 centimeters (1 to 3 feet) during April to June in most years and have a clay content of 8 to 18 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--local loamy alluvium or colluvium derived from pre-Wisconsin glacial till
Landform--footslopes on uplands and alluvial fans
Slopes--2 to 20 percent
Elevation--320 to 396 meters (1,050 to 1,300 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 11 degrees C (47 to 52 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--66 to 81 centimeters (26 to 32 inches)
Frost-free period--145 to 175 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Anthon,
Burchard,
Fairhaven,
Galva,
Ida,
Kennebec,
Liston,
Monona, and
Smithland soils.
Anthon--are in the lower elevations on stream terraces and have sandy and gravelly sediments within a depth of 152 centimeters (60 inches)
Burchard--are in the higher elevations on uplands and have carbonates within a depth of 76 centimeters (30 inches)
Fairhaven--are in the higher elevations on outwash plains and valley trains and have a mollic epipedon 25 to 56 centimeters (10 to 22 inches) thick
Galva--are in the higher elevations on uplands and high stream terraces, have a sand content of less than 10 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the particle-size control section and have a clay content of 30 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Ida--are in the higher elevations on uplands, have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters (10 inches) and have less than 10 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the particle-size control section
Kennebec--are in the lower elevations on flood plains and have a saturated zone between depths of 91 to 183 centimeters (3 to 6 feet) during April to June in most years
Liston--are in the higher elevations on uplands, have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters (10 inches) and have a sand content of 25 to 45 percent in the particle-size control section
Monona--are in the higher elevations on uplands and high stream terraces, have a sand content of less than 10 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the particle-size control section and have a clay content of 24 to 30 percent in the particle-size control section
Smithland--are in the lower elevations on flood plains and have a saturated zone between depths of 30 to 76 centimeters (1 to 3 feet) during April to June in most years
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class--well drained--seasonal high saturation occurs at depths greater than 183 centimeters (6 feet) during the wettest periods of most years
Permeability--moderate
Surface runoff potential--low or medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay. A few areas next to steep slopes are in permanent pasture. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie and bur oak trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
LRR M, MLRA 107; northwest Iowa and possibly southwest Minnesota. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Woodbury County, Iowa, 2003. Deloit is the name of a small town in Crawford County, Iowa.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 40 inches) (A1, A2, and A3 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 203 centimeters (0 to 80 inches) (Ap, A1, A2, A3, AB, Bw1, Bw2, and Bw3 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 127 centimeters (50 inches) (Ap, A1, A2, A3, and AB, horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 127 to 203 centimeters (50 to 80 inches) (Bw1, Bw2, and Bw3 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab sample number S97IA-193-30L, National Soil Survey Laboratory.
Taxonomy version--second edition, 1999.
This series replaces the Terril series that was correlated in the Soil Survey of Woodbury County, Iowa (1972).
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska pedon S97IA-193-30L and S97IA-193-31L (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).