LOCATION TURLIN IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Turlin loam, in a flood plain, with a slope of about 1 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 centimeters (0 to 9 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; few black (10YR 2/1) worm casts; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--23 to 43 centimeters (9 to 17 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--43 to 66 centimeters (17 to 26 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 61 to 71 centimeters (24 to 28 inches).]
AB--66 to 86 centimeters (26 to 34 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) and few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches) thick]
Bg--86 to 104 centimeters (34 to 41 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine prominent very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) irregular masses of iron-manganese; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) and common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches) thick]
BCg--104 to 173 centimeters (41 to 68 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few fine distinct very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) irregular masses of iron-manganese; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [25 to 90 centimeters (10 to 35 inches) thick]
2Cg1--173 to 183 centimeters (68 to 72 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy sand; single grain; loose; common medium prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
2Cg2--183 to 203 centimeters (72 to 80 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; massive; friable; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Winneshiek County, Iowa subset; about 4 miles south and 2 miles east of Fort Atkinson; about 675 meters (2,215 feet) north and 756 meters (2,480 feet) east of the southwest corner of section 34, T. 96 N., R. 9 W.; USGS Saint Lucas quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 5 minutes 17.8 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 53 minutes 40.1 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--61 to 91 centimeters (24 to 36 inches)
Depth to carbonates--greater than 152 centimeters (greater than 60 inches)
Clay content of particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 27 percent
Sand content of particle-size control section (weighted average)--15 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR or is neutral
Value--2
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 26 percent
Sand content--15 to 30 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
AB horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 26 percent
Sand content--15 to 30 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
Bg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture: loam, silt loam, or clay loam
Clay content--20 to 28 percent
Sand content--20 to 30 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
BCg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--15 to 25 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
2Cg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2
Texture--loamy sand, sandy loam, silt loam, or is stratified with these textures
Clay content--8 to 18 percent
Sand content--30 to 85 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Dameron,
Deloit,
Du Page,
Olmitz,
Racket,
Ross,
Spillco,
Spillville, and
Terril series.
Dameron--have a rock fragment content of more than 15 percent within a depth of 102 centimeters (40 inches)
Deloit--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters (6 feet) in normal years
Du Page--have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters (10 inches)
Olmitz--have a clay content of 28 to 34 percent in the particle-size control section
Racket--have a rock fragment content of more than 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Ross--have carbonates between depths of 61 to 114 centimeters (24 to 45 inches)
Spillco--have carbonates between depths of 30 to 91 centimeters (12 to 36 inches)
Spillville--have a frequently saturated zone within depths of 0.3 to 0.6 meters (1 to 2 feet) in normal years and have mollic epipedons 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) thick
Terril--have a frequently saturated zone within depths of 1 to 1.8 meters (3.25 to 6 feet) in normal years and have a clay content of 18 to 30 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--alluvium
Landform--treads and risers on stream terraces, in drainageways and floodplains, on base slopes and on alluvial fans
Slopes--0 to 5 percent
Elevation--243 to 427 meters (800 to 1,400 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--76 to 86 centimeters (30 to 34 inches)
Frost-free period--145 to 170 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Coland,
Otter,
Spillville, and
Waukee soils.
Coland--are at lower elevations on floodplains, have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.3 meter (1 foot) in normal years, and have a clay content of 27 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Otter--are at lower elevations on floodplains and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.3 meter (1 foot) in normal years
Spillvilleare on similar landscape positions as the Turlin soils have a frequently saturated zone within depths of 0.3 to 0.6 meters (1 to 2 feet) in normal years and have mollic epipedons 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) thick
Waukee--are at slightly higher elevations on stream terraces and have a rock fragment content of more than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within depths of 0.3 to 0.9 meter (1 to 3 feet) during April to June in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--moderately high or high
Surface runoff potential--negligible to low
Flooding--rare or occasional flooding for brief to long periods during the months of February to November from precipitation events and snowmelt
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, small grains, and soybeans. Some areas are pastured. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections-- Western lake section and Dissected till plains
MLRAs-- Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103) and Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104)
LRR M; northeastern and north-central Iowa
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Winneshiek County, Iowa, 1970
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 39 inches) (A2, AB, and Bg horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 173 centimeters (0 to 68 inches) (Ap, A1, A2, AB, Bg, and BCg horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 86 centimeters (0 to 34 inches) (Ap, A1, A2, and AB horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 86 to 173 centimeters (34 to 68 inches) (Bg and BCg horizons);
udic moisture regime.
These soils do not meet the saturation requirements of Aquolls. The morphology of the typical profile does not clearly identify an erratic organic matter decrease with depth or a content of organic matter in excess of 0.3 percent at a depth of 127 centimeters (50 inches) below the surface.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.