LOCATION SPILLVILLE IA+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Spillville loam, on a 1 percent slope, on a flood plain, in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 51 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; very friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--51 to 91 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; very friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
A3--91 to 137 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 90 to 145 centimeters.)
C--137 to 200 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam; massive; friable; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; common fine faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) redoximorphic depletions; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Winneshiek County, Iowa subset; about 4 miles south of Ridgeway along the Turkey River; located about 1,895 feet west and 10 feet south of the northeast corner of section 11, T. 97 N., R. 10 W.; USGS Fort Atkinson topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 14 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 59 minutes 23 seconds W., NAD 83
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--more than 100 centimeters
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--100 to 150 centimeters
Clay content of particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 26 percent
Sand content of particle-size control section (weighted average)--25 to 60 percent, mostly fine and medium sand
Rock fragment content--less than 15 percent
A (or Ap, when it occurs) horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 26 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent, mostly fine and medium sand
Reaction--moderately acid to slightly alkaline
AC horizon (when it occurs):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--14 to 24 percent
Sand content--25 to 65 percent, mostly fine and medium sand
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Thickness--0 to 50 centimeters
C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam, sandy clay loam, loamy sand, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--5 to 24 percent
Sand content--35 to 85 percent, mostly fine and medium sand
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Dameron,
Deloit,
Du Page,
Fort Dodge,
Olmitz,
Racket,
Ross,
Spillco,
Terril, and
Turlin series.
Dameron--have more than 15 percent rock fragments, which are dominantly chert, in the lower half of the series control section
Deloit--have a cambic horizon and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Du Page--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Fort Dodge--have a clay content of 2 to 8 percent in the lower third of the series control section and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Olmitz--have an average clay content of 28 to 34 percent in the particle-size control section
Racket--have a rock fragment content of more than 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Ross--have a mollic epipedon 60 to 100 centimeters thick
Spillco--have carbonates within a depth of 90 centimeters
Terril--have a cambic horizon with matrix chroma of 3 or more
Turlin--have a mollic epipedon 60 to 90 centimeters thick and have a cambic horizon with matrix chroma of 2 or 3
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--dark colored, medium-textured alluvium
Landform--nearly level flood plains and gently sloping footslopes on uplands
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Elevation--150 to 450 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--750 to 870 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Coland,
Colo,
Terril, and
Turlin soils.
Coland--are in the slightly lower landscape positions, are frequently saturated at the surface of the soil during the wettest periods of normal years, have an average clay content of 27 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section, and have an average sand content of 15 to 30 percent in the particle-size control section
Colo--are in the slightly lower landscape positions, are frequently saturated at the surface of the soil during the wettest periods of normal years, have an average clay content of 27 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section, and have an average sand content of less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Terril--are in the slightly higher landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 1 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Turlin--are in landform positions similar to those of the Spillville soils, have a mollic epipedon 60 to 90 centimeters thick and have a cambic horizon with matrix chroma of 2 or 3
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained or somewhat poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 0.3 meters during the wettest periods of normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--moderately high
Surface runoff potential--negligible to low
Flooding--not flooded to frequently flooded for very brief to long duration from precipitation events and snowmelt
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. Some areas are in bluegrass pasture. The native vegetation is big bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, Till plains and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91),
Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
Iowa and Minnesota Loess Hills (107A),
Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107B), and
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108)
LRR M; Iowa and southern Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bremer County, Iowa, 1965.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A1, A2 and A3 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (all horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 137 centimeters (A1, A2, and A3 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab data from NSSL-Lincoln, Nebraska.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska--user pedon ID 73IA191001 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).