LOCATION DEVILDOG                NV

Established Series
Rev. JWM/TM/JBF
06/2016

DEVILDOG SERIES

The Devildog series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff with a component of volcanic ash that is most abundant near the soil surface. Devildog soils are on inset fans, drainageways, and fan skirts. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 225 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Vitrixerandic Haplocambids

TYPICAL PEDON: Devildog very gravelly ashy coarse sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The surface is covered with 15 percent gravel. The lithology of the rock fragments is welded tuff.

A--0 to 10 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly ashy coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak very thin platy; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Bw--10 to 30 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly ashy coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 25 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual smooth boundary. (13 to 50 cm thick)

Bk1--30 to 51 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 50 percent gravel; common (5 percent) platy concretions of secondary calcium carbonate around rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 50 cm thick)

Bk2--51 to 97 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) stratified very gravelly loamy coarse sand and very gravelly coarse sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 50 percent gravel; common (5 percent) platy concretions of secondary calcium carbonate around rock fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); clear smooth boundary. (25 to 75 cm thick)

Bk3--97 to 152 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 30 percent gravel; common (10 percent) platy concretion of secondary calcium carbonate around rock fragments; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; approximately 0.5 miles west of Put Back Spring and 60 feet east of dirt road in Garden Valley; about 2,470 feet north and 2,090 feet west of the southeast corner of section 34, T. 2 N., R. 58 E.; USGS Murphy Gap NW 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 59 minutes 31 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees 26 minutes 42 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 37.9919444 latitude, -115.4447222 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry; moist in winter and spring and for 10 to 20 days cumulative from July through September, due to summer convection storms; aridic soil moisture regime bordering on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 11 to 13 degrees C.
Depth to cambic horizon: 5 to 13 cm.
Thickness of cambic horizon: 13 to 50 cm.
Depth to the base of the ashy textures: 18 to 33 cm.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline.

Particle-size control section: Clay content: 4 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent. Lithology of the fragments is mainly welded tuff.

A horizon
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Volcanic glass content: 25 to 50 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction.
Other features: The estimated product of the ammonium extractable aluminum plus half the iron times 60 plus the volcanic glass is 30 or more.

Bw horizon
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 6, dry or moist.
Texture: Coarse sandy loam, ashy coarse sandy loam or sandy loam or ashy sandy loam.
Clay content: 4 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 20 to 50 percent, mainly as gravel.
Volcanic glass content: 25 to 50 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction in the upper part, decreasing to 5 to 25 percent in the lower part.
Other features: The estimated product of the ammonium extractable aluminum plus half the iron times 60 plus the volcanic glass is 30 or more in the upper part, and decreases to less than 30 in the lower part.

Bk1 and Bk2 horizons
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified very gravelly coarse sandy loam, very gravelly loamy coarse sand and very gravelly coarse sand. Some pedons contain thin strata of extremely gravelly coarse sand or thin strata of ashy material.
Clay content: 4 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, mainly gravel.
Secondary carbonates: Less than 10 percent as masses on ped faces or coats around rock fragments.
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: Less than 5 percent.
Volcanic glass content: 5 to 25 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction. Volcanic glass content is typically highest in the upper horizons.
Other features: The estimated product of the ammonium extractable aluminum plus half the iron times 60 plus the volcanic glass is 20 to 30.

Bk3 horizon (when present)
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Textures: Sandy loam, coarse sandy loam and sandy clay loam. Some horizons may have stratified layers of coarse sand.
Clay content: 10 to 24 percent.
Rock fragments: 20 to 50 percent.
Secondary Carbonates: 0 to 10 percent masses on ped faces or platy concretions around rock fragments.
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 0 to 5 percent.
Volcanic glass content: 5 to 25 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction.
Other features: The estimated product of the ammonium extractable aluminum plus half the iron times 60 plus the volcanic glass is 20 to 30.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series in the family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Devildog soils are on inset fans, drainageways and fan skirts. These soils formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff with a component of volcanic ash that is most abundant near the soil surface. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Elevation ranges from 1,290 to 2,210 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 200 to 250 mm, the mean annual temperature ranges from 10 to 12 degrees C, and the frost free period ranges from 110 to 150 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Qwynn, Lojet, and Gardenvalley series. Qwynn soils have an argillic horizon. Lojet soils are moderately deep to a duripan. Gardenvalley soils have durinodes.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained; very low to medium runoff; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Devildog soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation includes Wyoming big sagebrush, spiny hopsage, Indian ricegrass and galleta. This pedon is correlated to Ecological Site R029XY049NV, Sandy loam 8-12 P.Z.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 29.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Nevada, North Part, 2005. The name is coined.

REMARKS: Estimates of volcanic glass and extractable iron and aluminum are based on NSSL data for similar settings in pedons S86NV017005 (pedon # 86P0890) and S92NV023006 (pedon # 92P0575) supported by local glass counts.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 18 cm (A and part of the Bw horizons).
Cambic horizon: The zone from 10 to 30 cm (Bw horizon).
Vitrixerandic subgroup: Estimated product of the ammonium oxalate extractable aluminum plus half the iron times 60 plus the volcanic glass is greater than 30 in the zone from 0 to 30 cm (A and Bw horizons).
Particle-size control section: The zone from 25 to 100 cm (includes the lower part of Bw, Bk1, Bk2, and upper part of the Bk3 horizons). The soil does not qualify for the ashy over loamy skeletal contrasting particle-size class because the ashy material does not extend 10 cm or more into the particle-size control section.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.