LOCATION LOJET                   NV

Established Series
Rev. JWM/CWL/TM/JBF
11/2016

LOJET SERIES

The Lojet series consists of moderately deep to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff. Lojet soils are on fan remnants and eroded fan remnants. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 225 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Xeric Argidurids

TYPICAL PEDON: Lojet coarse sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The surface is covered with 20 percent gravel, lithology is mainly welded tuff.

A--0 to 10 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate very thin platy; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine interstitial and tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 13 cm thick)

Bt1--10 to 20 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common faint clay films bridging sand grains; 5 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--20 to 28 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common faint clay films bridging sand grains; 10 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 13 to 50 cm thick)

Btk1--28 to 53 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, very sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few faint clay films bridging sand grains; common (10 percent) fine secondary calcium carbonate threads and common (15 percent) secondary calcium carbonate masses on faces of peds; calcium carbonate equivalent is 8 percent; 30 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear smooth boundary. (16 to 38 cm thick)

Btk2--53 to 71 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few faint clay films bridging sand grains; common (10 percent) fine secondary calcium carbonate threads and many (25 percent) secondary calcium carbonate masses (1 to 2 mm) on faces of peds; calcium carbonate equivalent is 14 percent; 40 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.1); clear smooth boundary. (13 to 38 cm thick)

Btk3--71 to 89 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) very gravelly sandy clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard; friable; moderately sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine, fine, and medium roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few faint clay films bridging sand grains; many (20 percent) fine secondary calcium carbonate threads; calcium carbonate equivalent is 32 percent; 40 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); very abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Btk horizons is 50 to115 cm thick)

Bqkm--89 to 104 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) cemented material, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate thick platy structure; very rigid; indurated by secondary silica and calcium carbonate with a 1 to 5 mm thick laminar cap over very strongly cemented material; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 46 cm thick)

Bqk--104 to 152 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very fine interstitial pores; common (15 percent) lenses of material moderately cemented by secondary silica and calcium carbonate in a non-cemented matrix; 45 percent gravel; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; approximately 3.7 miles southwest of Put Back Spring and 12 feet south of dirt road, Garden Valley; about 2,280 feet south and 35 feet east of the northwest corner of section 8, T. 1 N., R. 58 E.; USGS Murphy Gap NW 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 57 minutes 58 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees 29 minutes 36 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 37.9661111 latitude, -115.4933333 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry; moist in winter and spring and for 10 to 20 days cumulative from July through September due to summer convection storms; aridic soil moisture regime bordering xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to argillic horizon: 8 to 13 cm.
Thickness of argillic horizon: 38 to 100 cm.
Depth to duripan: 50 to 100 cm.

Particle-size control section: Clay content - 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: Averages 5 to 35 percent.

A horizon
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Mineralogy: 12 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.01 to 0.09 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
Salinity (EC): 0 to 2 millimhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 2 to 6.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.

Bt horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Sandy clay loam or clay loam.
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent, mainly gravel.
Mineralogy: 12 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.05 to 0.09 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 4 millimhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 2 to 6.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline.

Btk1 horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Clay loam or sandy clay loam.
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent mainly gravel.
Mineralogy: 12 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.01 to 0.09 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 35 percent in the material less than 2 mm.
Secondary calcium carbonate: 10 to 35 percent coarse irregular masses on ped faces and fine threads throughout the matrix.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 8 millimhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 2 to 6.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline.

Btk2 and Btk3 horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Clay loam or sandy clay loam.
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent mainly gravel. Some pedons contain sub-horizons that average less than 35 percent gravel.
Mineralogy: 12 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.01 to 0.09 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 35 percent in the material less than 2 mm.
Secondary calcium carbonate: 10 to 35 percent coarse irregular masses on ped faces and fine threads throughout the matrix.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 8 millimhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 2 to 6.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline.

Bqkm horizon
Cementation: Very strongly cemented or indurated laminar cap over layers of moderately to very strongly cemented material.

Bqk horizon
Value 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Textures: Loamy coarse sand or coarse sandy loam.
Clay content: 4 to 14 percent.
Rock fragment content: Averages 35 to 60 percent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent in the material less than 2 mm.
Secondary Silica: 10 to 30 percent cemented by secondary silica.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 8 millimhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 2 to 6.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Arbidge, Dacker, Deerlodge, Ditchcamp, Drysel, Exel, Hager, Idow, Rakane, Snowmore, Wako, Wellsed, and Wendell series.

Arbidge, Dacker, Ditchcamp, Drysel, Exel, Hager, Idow, Rakane, Snowmore, Wako and Wendell soils do not receive appreciable summer precipitation. Arbidge and Dacker soils have Bk or Bqk horizons underlying the argillic horizon and above the duripan. Deerlodge soils do not have calcic horizons in the lower part of the argillic. Ditchcamp soils have bedrock underlying the duripan within 64 to 100 cm. Exel and Rakane soils do not have carbonates. Hager and Wako soils have bedrock between 100 and 150 cm. Idow soils have less than 5 percent rock fragments. Snowmore and Wendell soils are moderately deep to a lithic contact. Wellsed soils have mostly fine gravel of granitic lithology.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lojet soils are on fan remnants and erode fan remnants. These soils formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff with a component of volcanic ash. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevation ranges from 1,370 to 2,130 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 300 mm, the mean annual temperature is 7 to 10 degrees C, and the frost free period is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Devildog, Littleailie, and Qwynn series. Devildog soils do not have argillic horizons or duripans and are on inset fans. Littleailie soils are shallow to a duripan. Qwynn soils do not have a duripan.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; low to medium runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Lojet soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation includes Wyoming big sagebrush, Nevada ephedra, fourwing saltbush, and Indian ricegrass. This pedon is correlated to Ecological Site R029XY006NV, Loamy 8-10 P.Z.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 29 and 28A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Nevada, North Part, 2005. The name is coined.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 10 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 10 to 89 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Btk1, Btk2, and Btk3 horizons).
Calcic horizon - The zone from 71 to 89 cm (Btk3 horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 89 to 104 cm (Bqkm horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 60 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Btk1 and upper part of the Btk2 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.