LOCATION QWYNN                   NV

Established Series
Rev. JWM/TM/BKP/JBF
11/2016

QWYNN SERIES

The Qwynn series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff and minor amounts of limestone. Qwynn soils are on inset fans and fan remnants. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Qwynn gravelly coarse sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The surface is covered with approximately 25 percent gravel. The lithology of the rock fragments is welded tuff.

A--0 to 8 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate thick platy structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Bk1--8 to 30 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak thick platy structure parting to weak moderate and coarse prismatic; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; common (10 percent) secondary calcium carbonate concretions around rock fragments and few (2 percent) very fine masses and threads on faces of peds; 20 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear smooth boundary.

Bk2--30 to 71 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; common (5 percent) secondary calcium carbonate concretions around rock fragments and few (2 percent) fine masses throughout matrix and fine threads on faces of peds; 15 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bk horizons is 26 to 71 cm thick)

2Btkq1--71 to 99 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; common faint clay films bridging sand grains; common (5 percent) secondary calcium carbonate concretions around rock fragments and common (15 percent) secondary calcium carbonate masses throughout the matrix; many (20 percent) moderately cemented coarse durinodes; 25 percent gravel; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); gradual smooth boundary.

2Btkq2--99 to 132 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few faint clay films bridging sand grains; common (5 percent) secondary calcium carbonate concretions around rock fragments; common (15 percent) moderately cemented durinodes and common (10 percent) hard brittle moderately cemented discontinuous lenses of secondary silica cementation; 35 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of 2Btkq horizons is 38 to 100 cm thick)

2Bqk--132 to 178 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine interstitial pores; common (3 percent) secondary calcium carbonate concretions around rock fragments; common (10 percent) hard brittle moderately cemented discontinuous lenses of silica cementation; 30 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9).

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; about 20 feet south of the dirt road, 10 miles southeast of Water Gap, Garden Valley; approximately 1,000 feet west and 2,370 feet north of the southeast corner of section 7, T. 1 N., R. 58 E.; USGS Murphy Gap NW 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 57 minutes 52 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees, 29 minutes, 48 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 37.9644444 latitude, -115.4966667 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in winter and spring, dry in summer and fall except intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days between July and September due to convection storms; aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 12 degrees C.
Depth to top of argillic horizon: 38 to 76 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 18 to 27 percent
Rock fragments: Average 15 to 35 percent.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent, in the material less than 2 mm.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.
Mineralogy: 5 to 20 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.01 to 0.05 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.

Bk horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 through 5, dry or moist.
Texture: Sandy loam and coarse sandy loam.
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 25 percent.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 10 percent, in the material less than 2 mm.
Secondary calcium carbonates: Concretions around rock fragments and as fine masses, or fine threads throughout the matrix or on faces of peds.
Mineralogy: 5 to 20 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.01 to 0.05 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.

2Btkq horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 through 5, dry or moist.
Texture: Sandy clay loam, coarse sandy loam, and loam.
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 10 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.
Secondary calcium carbonates: Concretions around rock fragments, as fine masses, or fine threads throughout the matrix or on faces of peds.
Secondary silica: 20 to 50 percent medium through very coarse durinodes and moderately cemented lenses of silica cementation.

2Bqk horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, and loamy coarse sand.
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 50 percent, mainly as gravel.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 10 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.
Secondary calcium carbonates: Concretions around rock fragments and masses throughout the matrix or on faces of peds.
Secondary silica: 0 to 15 percent moderately cemented lenses of silica cementation.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aladshi, Alley, Allor, Cath, Chime, Cleghorn, Glyphs, Igert, Nevador, Wedertz, Wedlar and Zevadez series.

Aladshi, Alley, Allor, Chime, Cleghorn, Glyphs, Igert, Nevador, Wedertz and Zevadez soils are not moist for 10 to 20 days between July and September due to convection storms. Aladshi, Alley, Allor, Cath, Glyphs, Nevador do not have Bk horizons above the argillic horizon. Chime soils are moderately deep to weathered bedrock. Cleghorn and Wedlar soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the control section. Igert soils are moderately deep to bedrock. Wedertz soils have nongravelly particle-size control sections. Zevadez soils are moderately deep to carbonates.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Qwynn soils are on inset fans and fan remnants. These soils formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff and a minor component of limestone. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevations range from 1,400 to 2,150 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, the mean annual temperature is 7 to 11 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: There are the Devildog, Littleailie, and Lojet series. Devildog soils do not have an argillic horizon and durinodes. Littleailie soils are shallow to a duripan. Lojet soils are moderately deep to a duripan.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; low to very low surface runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Qwynn soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. Potential native vegetation includes Wyoming big sagebrush, fourwing saltbush, Nevada ephedra, needleandthread, Indian ricegrass, and desert needlegrass. This pedon has been correlated to Ecological Site R029XY006NV Loamy 8-10 P.Z.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 29 and 28A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Nevada, North Part, 2005.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A and part of the Bk1 horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 71 to 132 cm (2Btkq1 and 2Btkq2 horizons).
Durinodes and Durinodic feature - The zone from 71 to 132 cm (2Btkq1 and 2Btkq2 horizons).
Particle size control section - The zone from 71 to 121 cm (2Btkq1 and 2Btkq2 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.