LOCATION DUNMORE TN+MD WVEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Paleudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Dunmore silt loam--pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 11 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common fine pores; medium acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--11 to 25 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--25 to 38 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) clay; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--38 to 60 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) clay; common medium and coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt5--60 to 80 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) clay; many medium and coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; very firm; few fine pores; few fragments of chert up to 2 inches across; very strongly acid. (Thickness of the Bt horizon is greater than 50 inches)
TYPE LOCATION: Washington County, Tennessee; 0.3 mile west of Dunkard Church, 200 feet south of McInturff Road.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 60 to 80 inches or more. Depth to limestone bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid except the surface layer is less acid where limed. Fragments of chert range from 0 to 25 percent in the A horizon and 0 to 15 percent in the B horizon.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Severely eroded areas also have hue of 5YR. Texture is silt loam or loam. Severely eroded areas are also silty clay loam or silty clay.
Some pedons have a transitional horizon between the A and the Bt horizon.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8. Some pedons have dark red (2.5YR 3/6) ped exteriors. The upper part of the Bt also includes hue of 7.5YR. Mottles in shades of brown and yellow range from none to few in the upper part of the B horizon and from common to many in the lower part. The texture is clay or silty clay. The upper part of the Bt also includes silty clay loam or rarely clay loam. In the particle size control section, clay content averages between 40 and 60 percent, silt content between 40 and 60 percent and sand content is less than 20 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: Christiana is the only other series in this same family. Series in similar families are the Collegedale, Dewey, Doniphan, Fredrick, Macedonia, and Waynesboro series. Christiana soils formed in marine sediments that do not contain any chert and the Bt horizon is centered on 10R hue. Collegedale, Dewey, and Waynesboro soils are thermic. Doniphan, Fredrick, and Macedonia soils have mixed mineralogy.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dunmore soils are on uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 50 percent. Some areas are pitted by numerous limestone sinks. These soils formed residuum of dolomitic limestone. Mean annual temperature is 56.6 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is 44.4 inches near the type location.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Greendale, Landisburg, Lindside, Sequoia, and Shouns series. Greendale soils, which are along intermittent drainageways, lack argillic horizons. Landisburg soils, which are on foot slopes, have fragipans. Lindside soils are on the bottomlands, have gray mottles, and lack argillic horizons. Sequoia soils have a paralithic contact within 40 inches. Shouns soils are on foot slopes and benches and are fine-loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium on gentle slopes and rapid on the steeper slopes. Moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: About 85 percent of the acreage is cleared. Pasture and hay are the main crops. Small acreages of corn, small grains and tobacco are grown. The native vegetation is mixed hardwoods, chiefly oaks, hickories, maples, elms, and dogwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Appalachian Ridges and Valleys of East Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Missouri, and Arkansas. The series is of large extent--over 200,000 acres in Tennessee.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pocahontas County West Virginia; 1933.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon- 0 to 8 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon- 8 to 80 inches (Bt horizon)