LOCATION EXWAY NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Typic Rhodudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Exway clay loam--on a 5 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 4 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine, medium and coarse roots; 3 percent gravel by volume; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--4 to 12 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) silty clay; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) dry; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; sticky, plastic; common fine, medium and coarse roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel by volume; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--12 to 19 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) dry; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8), dark red (10R 3/6), and reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) mottles; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; sticky, plastic; common fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel by volume; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 10 to 35 inches)
BC--19 to 24 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay loam; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8), dark red (10R 3/6), and reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) mottles, and few fine prominent pinkish gray (5YR 7/2) mottles; massive; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; 10 percent gravel by volume; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Cr--24 to 41 inches; multicolored, weathered slightly fractured interbedded siltstone and mudstone.
TYPE LOCATION: Richmond County, North Carolina; 0.8 mile west of Covington on Secondary Road 1152; 0.1 mile north on Secondary Road 1186; 0.6 mile northwest on farm road; 350 feet northwest of road in east corner of a cultivated field; USGS Mount Gilead Quadrangle; lat. 35 deg., 08 min., 11 sec. N. and long. 79 deg., 52 min., 08 sec. W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 19 to 39 inches. Depth to a paralithic contact with weathered bedrock is 20 to 40 inches. Soil reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid except where the surface has been limed. Limed soils typically range from moderately acid to neutral in the Ap horizon. Dark manganese oxide concretions range from none to common throughout the profile. Content of rock fragments ranges from 0 to 14 percent in the A and B horizons.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 2 to 6. It is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2 to 6. Mottles in shades of yellow, brown or red are present in some pedons. The Bt horizon is clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 3 to 6. Mottles in shades of yellow, gray, red or brown are present in some pedons. The BC horizon is silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay.
The Cr horizon is multicolored weathered slightly fractured siltstone and mudstone.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Wadesboro soils are in closely related families. Wadesboro soils are semiactive.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Exway soils are on gently sloping to steep Piedmont uplands within the thermic Triassic Basins. Slope gradients are dominantly 2 to 25 percent but range from 2 to 45 percent. They formed in residuum weathered from Triassic sedimentary rocks. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 59 to 61 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation ranges from 43 to 48 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the closely related Wadesboro soils, and the Brickhaven, Carbonton, Creedmoor, Green Level, Mayodan, Peakin, Pinoka, Polkton, and White Store soils. All of these soils except Wadesboro lack rhodic colors. The moderately well drained Brickhaven soils and the somewhat poorly drained Carbonton soils lack redox depletions and can occur on the same landscape. Creedmoor soils are moderately well drained and somewhat poorly drained and occur on lower elevations on the landscape on gently sloping to strongly sloping ridges. The somewhat poorly drained Green Level and the moderately well drained Polkton and White Store soils have very slow permeability, very high shrink-swell potential, and occur on nearly level to moderately steep uplands. Mayodan soils lack rhodic colors. Peakin soils have redox depletions below 40 inches. Pinoka sails fine-loamy. Wadesboro soils have rhodic colors and soft bedrock at 40 to 60 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to rapid runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. Common trees include shortleaf pine, loblolly pine, Virginia pine, hickory, white oak, yellow poplar, southern red oak, sweetgum, and red maple. Understory species include flowering dogwood, sassafras, American holly, honeysuckle, poison ivy and grape.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Triassic Basin in the thermic Piedmont area of North Carolina. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Richmond County, North Carolina 1996.
REMARKS: The Exway soils were formerly included with the Stoneville soils. However, Stoneville soils are mesic and do not have weathered bedrock within depths of 20 to 40 inches. Complete characterization data is available for the typical pedon - NSSL Pedon No. 90P0603.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 4 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon - the zone between depths of 4 and 19 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Paralithic contact - the occurrence of soft bedrock at a depth of 24 inches (upper boundary of Cr horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
MLRA: 136 SIR: NC0251
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
NC0251 EXWAY 2-45 59-61 175-218 43-48 230-350
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0251 NONE 6.0-6.0 - 20-40 SOFTSOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0251 0- 4 L SIL FSL 0-10 85-100 10-27 7-9 NC0251 0- 4 SICL CL 0-10 95-100 27-40 8-12 NC0251 4-24 SICL SIC C 0-10 95-100 35-76 8-12 NC0251 24-41 WB - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0251 0- 4 4.5-7.3 1.-2. 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0251 0- 4 4.5-7.3 .5-2. 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0251 4-24 4.5-6.0 0.-.5 0-0 0.2-0.6 MODERATE NC0251 24-41 - - - -