LOCATION FINCH MI+MEEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid, shallow, ortstein Typic Duraquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Finch sand - on a 1 percent north-facing slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry, with light gray (10YR 7/1) sand grains from the E1 scattered; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
E1--2 to 10 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; single grain; loose; few fine distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) iron accumulations; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
E2--10 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; single grain; loose; common fine and medium faint light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) iron accumulations; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
Bhsm--12 to 22 inches; very dusky red (2.5YR 2/2) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) sand; massive; very hard; ortstein occupies 95 percent of the horizon and is strongly cemented; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron accumulations; very few fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
Bsm--22 to 31 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sand; massive; very firm; ortstein occupies 95 percent of the horizon and is strongly cemented; very few fine roots; many fine and medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) iron accumulations; slightly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (6 to 32 inches thick)
BC--31 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; single grain; loose; many fine and medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron accumulations; neutral; abrupt irregular wavy boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
C1--38 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; many fine and medium faint dark brown to brown (10YR 4/3) iron accumulations; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick)
C2--46 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Antrim County, Michigan; about 5 miles south of Bellaire; 1500 feet east and 240 feet north of southwest corner, sec. 13, T. 29 N., R. 8 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 50 inches. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout. Cobbly surface phases have 15 to 35 percent cobbles in the A horizon.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR, or is neutral; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 0 to 2. Cultivated areas have an Ap horizon that has 10YR hue, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A or Ap horizons are sand or loamy sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sand or loamy sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to neutral.
The Bhsm horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; and value and chroma of 2 or 3. Cementation ranges from weak to strong. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid.
The Bsm horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 3 to 5 and chroma of 3 to 6. Hues with value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid. Some pedons have Bs horizons with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4.
The BC horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 to 6; and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sand, fine sand or loamy sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 7; and chroma of 2 to 6. It is sand, fine sand or loamy sand. Reaction ranges from extremely to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Spot series in the same family. Spot soils have representative wet soil moisture status at the surface to 2 feet below the surface at some time throughout the year.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Finch soils are on outwash plains, lake plains and ground moraines. Slope gradients range from 0 to 6 percent. The soils formed in sand. The mean annual temperature ranges from 41 to 47 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation from 27 to 32 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Au Gres, Croswell, Dawson, Deford, Kalkaska, Kinross, Leafriver, Paquin, Rubicon, Roscommon, Spot and Wallace soils. The Au Gres soils do not have ortstein and are on similar topographic positions. The somewhat excessively drained Kalkaska and Rubicon soils and the well drained Wallace soils are on higher topographic positions in nearby landscapes. The moderately well drained Paquin and Croswell soils are on slightly higher landscape positions. The poorly drained Deford, Kinross, Roscommon, and Spot soils are in slightly lower landscape positions. The very poorly drained Leafriver and Dawson soils are in lower landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The representative depth to wet soil moisture status ranges from 0.5 to 3 feet at some time throughout the year. Surface runoff is negligible to very low. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the ortstein and rapid in the rest of the pedon.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly second growth forest of quaking aspen, northern white cedar, and black spruce with a few eastern white pine and red maple. A small acreage is under cultivation to small fruit.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Lower Peninsula and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The series is of minor extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Antrim County, Michigan, 1976.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 2 inches (A horizon); albic horizon - the zone from 2 to 12 inches (E1 and E2 horizons); spodic horizon - the zone from 12 to 31 inches (Bsm1 and Bsm2 horizons); aquic soil moisture regime - redoximorphic features in the zone from 2 to 12 inches (E1 and E2 horizons). Ortstein feature - Cementation in 90 to 100 percent of the Bsm and Bhsm horizons.
ADDITIONAL DATA: