LOCATION SPOT MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid, shallow, ortstein Typic Duraquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Spot peat - In an area of wetland brush, grasses and sphagnum mosses. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; black (10YR 2/1) peat; very strongly acid.
Oa--1 to 2 inches; black (N 2/0) rubbed and broken muck; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Oa and Oi horizons is 1 to 7 inches)
E--2 to 8 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand; light gray (10YR 7/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron accumulations throughout; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
Bhsm--8 to 10 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) sand; massive; very hard; ortstein occupies 90 percent of the horizon and is strongly cemented; ortstein occurs as a nearly continuous layer with tongues that extend to a depth of 18 inches; common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
Bs1--10 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; ortstein occupies 70 percent of horizon and is moderately cemented; brown (7.5YR 4/4) ortstein occurs as a nearly continuous layer with tongues to a depth of 22 inches; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
Bs2--12 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; ortstein occupies 30 percent of horizon and is weakly cemented; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) ortstein occurs as tongues 2 to 6 inches wide which extend from the Bs1 horizon to a depth of 25 inches; ortstein tongues are 16 to 30 inches apart; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bs horizons is 6 to 17 inches)
C1--18 to 41 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 60 inches thick)
C2--41 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Mackinac County, Michigan; about 6 miles north of Naubinway; 1,550 feet west and 600 feet north of the southeast corner, Sec. 27, T. 44 N., R. 9 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (Unless otherwise stated the depth ranges in this paragraph are measured from the mineral surface.) The solum is 16 to 28 inches thick. Depth to the ortstein ranges from 6 to 15 inches, and ranges from 1 to 3 inches thick. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout the pedon. The soil is saturated to the surface for 90 to 120 days when the soil temperature is above 5 degrees C.
The Oi horizon has a hue of 5YR to 10 YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 or 1. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.
The Oa horizon has neutral hue, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. The E horizon is sand or fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Bhsm horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value and chroma of 2 or 3. The Bhsm horizons are sand or fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Bs horizons have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. Some pedons have Bsm horizons with colors similar to Bs horizons. The Bs and Bsm horizons are sand or fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
Some pedons have BC horizons with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value and chroma of 5 or 6. They are sand of fine sand. Reaction is moderately acid or slightly acid.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sand or fine sand. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Finch, McIvor and Whittemore series. The Finch soils have representative depth to wet soil moisture status at 6 to 24 inches during the period from September to June. The McIvor and Whittemore soils have representative depth to wet soil moisture status at 6 inches during the period from October to May.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Spot soils formed in sandy deposits in depressions, swales, and drainageways on outwash plains, lake plains and ground moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 32 inches. The mean annual temperature ranges from 42 to 44 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dawson, Markey, Finch, Paquin, Rubicon, Pullup, and Wallace soils. The very poorly drained Dawson and Markey soils are located in slightly lower landscape positions and have organic surface layers more than 16 inches. The somewhat poorly drained Finch soils and the moderately well drained Paquin soils are in slightly higher landscape positions. The somewhat excessively drained Rubicon and Pullup soils and well drained Wallace soils are on hills and ridges.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. The representative depth to wet soil moisture status is at the surface to 12 inches below the surface during the period from September to June. Surface runoff is negligible to low, dependent on slope. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid through the ortstein layers and rapid in the remainder of the profile.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are forested. Common trees are black spruce, northern white cedar, aspen, red maple, paper birch, tamarack, and white pine. Some areas consist of acid bog vegetation or grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern and central Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the northern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. This soil is of minor extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mackinac County, Michigan, 1994.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from 1 to 7 inches (E horizon); albic horizon - the zone from the 1 to 7 inches (E horizon); spodic horizon - the zone from 7 to 11 inches (Bhsm and Bs1 horizons); aquic soil moisture regime - the soil is saturated for a period of 90 to 120 days when the soil temperature is above 5 degrees C; ortstein feature - spodic horizon is cemented in more than 90 percent of each pedon.
ADDITIONAL DATA: