LOCATION TWO INLETS MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, frigid Psammentic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Two Inlets loamy sand, on a north-facing slope of 25 percent, on a glacial outwash plain, under coniferous forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated).
A--0 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (1 to 9 inches)
E--2 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; single grain; loose; about 20 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches)
Bt--10 to 33 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly loamy coarse sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; about 25 percent gravel; common clay bridging between sand grains; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 25 inches)
C--33 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 30 percent gravel; few carbonate coats on underside of pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Becker County, Minnesota; about 16 miles west of Two Inlets; located about 2,600 feet west and 25 feet south of the northeast corner of section 2, T. 141 N., R. 39 W.; USGS Many Point Lake topographic quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 03 minutes 50 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 35 minutes 01 second W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to carbonates ranges from 14 to 40 inches. Content of rock fragments, by volume, ranges from 5 to 35 percent in the A, E and Bt horizons, and from 10 to 35 percent in the C horizon. Some thin subhorizons have up to 50 percent rock fragments. Rock fragments typically range from 2 millimeters to 4 centimeters. Some phases have .01 to 3 percent of the surface covered with cobbles or stones. The soil moisture control section is not dry in all parts for as long as 45 consecutive days during the 120 days following the summer solstice. In addition, it is not dry in any part for as long as 90 cumulative days.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is coarse sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, gravelly loamy coarse sand, sand, coarse sand, or gravelly coarse sand. It is moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a thin EB, BE or B/E horizon.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy very coarse sand, sand, coarse sand or their gravelly analogues. Thin lamellae of sandy loam are included but do not exceed three inches in cumulative thickness in the series control section. It is slightly acid or neutral.
Some pedons have E&Bt horizons.
The BC horizon, when present, has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand or gravelly very coarse sand. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
Some pedons have a Bk horizon with hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand coarse sand or their gravelly analogues. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 2 to 10 percent.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand, or gravelly very coarse sand. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 2 to 10 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Deza series. Deza soils are dry in some or all parts of the soil moisture control section for 90 or more cumulative days in most years.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or convex slopes on outwash plains, stream terraces, valley trains, and moraines. Slope ranges from 1 to 65 percent. These soils formed in glacial outwash of Late Wisconsin Age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 38 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 23 to 28 inches. Frost-free period ranges from 90 to 140 days. Elevation ranges from 1,000 to 1,800 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bluffcreek, Epoufette, Lida, Karlstad, Markey, Nidaros, Rifle, Seeleyville, and Sugarbush soils. The poorly drained Epoufette soils are on low-lying, nearly level areas. The moderately well drained Bluffcreek and Karlstad soils are on low-lying, gently sloping areas. The very poorly drained Markey, Nidaros, Rifle, and Seeleyville soils are in depressions. The well drained Lida and Sugarbush soils are on similar positions but have a finer textured argillic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained. Surface runoff is negligible to low. Permeability is rapid or very rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly in forest but some areas are cropped or pastured. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood-coniferous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and northern Minnesota. This series is inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mahnomen County, Minnesota, 1992.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features identified in this soil are: ochric epipedon-the zone from the surface to a depth of 10 inches (A and E horizons); argillic horizon-the zone from 10 to 33 inches (Bt horizon); Psammentic subgroup-argillic horizon with texture of loamy fine sand or coarser.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station CFC number 4701 for results of some laboratory data on a representative pedon. Soil Interpretation Record number MN0653.