LOCATION GILHULA                 OK+KS TX

Tentative Series
SLM-JTB-CPH
03/2017

GILHULA SERIES

The Gilhula series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately rapidly permeable soils that formed in loamy and sandy alluvium of Holocene age. These soils occur on nearly level to very gently sloping flood plains in the Southern High Plains, Breaks (MLRA 77E). The slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 530 mm (21 in), and mean annual air temperature is about 15 degrees C (59 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrifluventic Haplustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Gilhula sandy loam - on a 0.5 percent linear slope in reseeded native rangeland at an elevation of 772 m (2525 ft).
(Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
The surface is covered with about 2 percent fine gravels of well-rounded indurated quartzite.

Ap1--0 to 9 cm (0 to 4 in); brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2), moist; weak medium subangular blocky parting to weak medium platy structure; hard, friable; many fine and many medium roots; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm indurated quartzite fragments; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary.

Ap2--9 to 16 cm (4 to 6 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; many fine and common medium roots; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm indurated quartzite fragments; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.3); gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons is 18 to 48 cm [7 to 19 in])

Bk1--16 to 39 cm (6 to 15 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable; common fine and few medium roots; few medium irregular carbonate masses throughout; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm angular calcareous shale fragments; 2 percent 2 to 5 mm and 1 percent 5 to 20 mm indurated well-rounded quartzite fragments; 1 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary.

Bk2--39 to 59 cm (15 to 23 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable; few fine roots; common faint carbonate coats on vertical faces of peds; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm angular calcareous shale fragments; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm indurated well-rounded quartzite fragments; 4 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual smooth boundary.

Bk3--59 to 95 cm (23 to 37 in); brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3), moist; strong coarse subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable; few very fine roots; common faint carbonate coats on vertical faces of peds; 1 percent medium spherical carbonate masses throughout; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm angular calcareous shale fragments; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm indurated well-rounded quartzite fragments; 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bk horizons is 30 to 104 cm [12 to 41 in])

C--95 to 203 cm (37 to 61 in); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) stratified loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4), moist; structureless massive; loose, loose; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm angular calcareous shale fragments; 1 percent 20 to 75 mm calcareous sandstone fragments; 4 percent 2 to 5 mm and 2 percent 5 to 20 mm indurated well-rounded quartzite fragments; strata of coarse and medium sands with thin bands of 2 to 5 mm quartzite gravels throughout; 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.7).

TYPE LOCATION:
Beaver County, Oklahoma; from Beaver, about 4 miles south and 1 mile west; then 4100 ft (1250 m) north and 2000 ft (610 m) west of the southeast corner of Section 2, Township 3N, Range 23E (Cimarron Meridian).

USGS topographic quadrangle: Beaver, Oklahoma
Latitude: 36 degrees 45 minutes 29.22 seconds N
Longitude: 100 degrees 32 minutes 54.74 seconds W
Datum WGS84

Decimal Degrees
Latitude: 36.7581215
Longitude: -100.5485382

UTM Northing: 4069158
UTM Easting: 361777
UTM zone 14S

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic.
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 18 to 48 cm (7 to 19 in)
Depth to identifiable secondary carbonates: 16 to 58 cm (6 to 23 in)
Thickness of cambic horizon: 30 to 104 cm (12 to 41 in)
Surface Fragments: 0 to 5 percent; fine to coarse gravel; indurated; well-rounded; quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Section range: 25 to 100 cm (10 to 40 in)
Silicate clay: 7 to 17 percent
Carbonate clay: 0 to 3 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 8 percent; fine to coarse gravel; indurated; well-rounded; quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone; strongly cemented angular caliche and petrocalcic fragments

A and Ap horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5, 2 to 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3 moist or dry
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, and loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 3 percent; fine to coarse gravel; indurated; well-rounded; quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
Identifiable secondary carbonate: none
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 1 percent
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction (pH): neutral to slightly alkaline (6.6-7.3)

Bw horizons (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 to 6 most or dry
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, and loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 3 percent; fine to coarse gravel; indurated; well-rounded; quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
Identifiable secondary carbonate: none
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 1 percent
Effervescence: none to very slight
Reaction (pH): neutral to slightly alkaline (6.6-7.3)

Bk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 moist or dry
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, and loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent; fine to coarse gravel; indurated; well-rounded; quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 1 to 10 percent; fine to medium; films, masses, and nodules
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction (pH): slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline (7.4-8.4)

C, Ck, or BCk horizons (where present)
Hue: 7.5 or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 8 moist or dry
Texture: sand, fine sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, and loam, and their gravelly counterparts.
Rock fragments: 0 to 25 percent; fine to coarse gravel; indurated; well-rounded; quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 0 to 5 percent; fine to medium; films, masses, and nodules
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 8 percent
Effervescence: none to violent
Reaction (pH): slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline (7.4-9.0)

COMPETING SERIES:
There are no competing series in the same family.
Similar soils are the Guadalupe, Hindman, Levelland, Persimmon, Sprone, Sweetwater, and Wespur series.
Guadalupe, Hindman, Levelland, and Persimmon soils: have an ochric epipedon; in addition, Persimmon soils have seasonal endosaturation within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface
Sprone and Wespur soils: have a fine-loamy particle-size class
Sweetwater soils: have a fine-loamy over sandy particle-size class and endosaturation within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material: Loamy and sandy alluvium of Holocene age
Landscape: alluvial plain remnant, river valley
Landform: flood plains
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Precipitation Pattern: July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual precipitation: 406 to 610 mm (16 to 24 in)
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index: 25 to 36
Mean annual air temperature: 13.9 to 16.1 degrees C (57 to 61 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Elevation: 600 to 1500 m (1968 to 4921 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Duckpond, Guadalupe, Persimmon, Sweetwater, Touzalin, and Wespur series.
All of these soils occur on similar landscape positions.
Duckpond soils: have a mollic epipedon greater than 50 cm (20 in) thick, and a fine-silty particle-size class
Touzalin soils: have an ochric epipedon, a sandy particle-size class, and seasonal endosaturation within 100 cm (40 in) of soil surface

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: well drained
Permeability class: Moderately rapid
Runoff: negligible on slopes less than 1 percent and very low on 1 to 3 percent slopes
Flooding: frequent to rare for extremely brief to very brief periods during the months of April to October.

USE AND VEGETATION:
These soils are used for both cropland and livestock grazing. Principal crops are wheat, grain sorghum, alfalfa, and sorghum/sudan grass. Native vegetation is predominantly purple threeawn, little bluestem, silver bluestem, side oats grama, sand bluestem, blue grama, and broom snakeweed. Yucca is the major woody species along with small amounts of sand sagebrush.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Northwestern Oklahoma, the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles, and adjacent areas of Southwestern Kansas.
Land Resource Region: H - Central Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range Region;
MLRA 77E - Southern High Plains, Breaks;
The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES PROPOSED: Beaver County, OK 2010. The name of the series is from a small stream in Lipscomb Co., TX.

REMARKS:
These soils were formerly included in the Bayard series.

Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon:
Particle size control section: 25 to 102 cm (10 to 40 in)
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 39 cm (0 to 15 in) (Ap1, Ap2, Bk1 horizons)
Identifiable secondary carbonates: 16 to 203 cm (6 to 80 in) (Bk1, Bk2, and Bk3 horizons)
Cambic horizon: 16 to 95 cm (6 to 37 in) (Bk1, Bk2, and Bk3 horizons)

Additional Comments:

ADDITIONAL DATA: KSSL data available. S2008OK007003 (TL-Beaver County, Oklahoma).

TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.