LOCATION HINDMAN                 TX

Established Series
Rev. TCB-RM
08/2013

HINDMAN SERIES

The Hindman series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately rapidly permeable soils that formed in calcareous, sandy eolian deposits over sandy alluvium derived from the Tahoka Formation of Pleistocene age. These nearly level to very gently sloping soils are on valley flats and ancestral drainageways. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 483 millimeters (19 inches) and the mean annual air temperature is about 16 degrees C (61 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrifluventic Haplustepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Hindman fine sand, in a broad shallow valley, linear to slightly convex, 0.4 percent slope in rangeland at an elevation of about 951 meters (3,120 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fine sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single grain; loose; many very fine and fine roots; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

A2--10 to 33 cm (4 to 13 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; many very fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; few distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation lining pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

A3--33 to 58 cm (13 to 23 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/3) fine sand, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; 2 mm to 10 mm thick dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) prominent clay lens at the base of horizon; few distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation lining pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (combined A horizons are 20 to 70 cm thick)

Ab--58 to 97 cm (23 to 38 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy fine sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; slightly sodic; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (20 to 51 cm thick)

Bwb--97 to 117 cm (38 to 46 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; few films of calcium carbonate; slightly sodic; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (13 to 38 cm thick)

Bkb--117 to 152 cm (46 to 60 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm; common fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; many fine and medium masses of calcium carbonate, about 25 percent; slightly saline; slightly sodic; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (25 to 64 cm thick)

2BCb--152 to 196 cm (60 to 77 inches); very pale brown (10YR 8/2) fine sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine granular; soft, very friable; common fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; few fine calcium carbonate nodules; few very fine and fine fragments of snail shells; slightly sodic; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (25 to 51 cm thick)

2Cb--196 to 229 cm (77 to 90 inches); very pale brown (10YR 8/2) gravelly sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; massive; loose, few films of calcium carbonate; about 30 percent rounded limestone gravel; many very fine and fine fragments of snail shells; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Terry County, Texas; from the intersection of U.S. Highway 380 and Farm Road 168 about 8 miles east of Brownfield; 3.6 miles south on Farm Road 168; 300 feet east in rangeland; Latitude: 33 degrees, 07 minutes, 33 seconds N; Longitude: 102 degrees, 01 minutes, 30 seconds W; Brownfield East, Texas USGS quad; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on
aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts more than
180 but less than 220 cumulative days in normal years. July through August and
November through March are the driest months. These soils are intermittently
moist in September through October and April through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 15 to 18 degrees C (59 to 64 degrees F).
Depth to secondary carbonates: 51 to 76 cm (20 to 30 inches).
Depth to calcic horizon: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches).
Depth to endosaturation: 152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 inches) from September to March.
Particle-size control section: 5 to 15 percent silicate clay.
Solum thickness: more than 203 cm (80 inches).

A horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: fine sand, loamy fine sand
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Effervescence: slight or strong
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline

Ab horizon:
Hue: 7.5 YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Visible calcium carbonate: 0 to 2 percent as threads, films, or nodules.
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 4 to 20
Effervescence: slight or strong
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline

Bwb horizon:
Hue: 7.5 YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Visible calcium carbonate: 0 to 2 percent as threads, films, or nodules.
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 4 to 20
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline

Bkb horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 30 percent
Visible calcium carbonate: 5 to 40 percent as films, masses, and nodules
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 4 to 20
Effervescence: violent
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline

2BC horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 3 or less
Texture: fine sand, loamy fine sand
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Visible calcium carbonate: 0 to 2 percent as threads, films, or nodules.
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 4 to 20
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline

2C horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: sand, loamy fine sand
Redoximorphic accumulations: none to common in shades of yellow, brownish yellow, or reddish yellow
Pararock fragments: 0 to 5 percent limestone gravel and few fine and medium snail shell fragments
Visible calcium carbonate: 0 to 2 percent as threads, films, or nodules.
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 4 to 20
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Similar soils include the Gomez, Lenorah, Levelland, Midessa, and Milsand series.
Gomez soils: have a calcic horizon between 50 and 100 cm (20 and 40 inches) and do not have a water table between 150 and 203 cm (60 and 80 inches).
Lenorah and Midessa soils: have 18 to 35 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section.
Levelland soils: have a calcic horizon at more than 150 cm (60 inches) depth and do not have a water table between 150 and 203 cm (60 and 80 inches).
Milsand soils: have a sandy particle-size class and do not have a calcic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: calcareous, sandy eolian deposits over sandy alluvium derived from the Tahoka Formation of Pleistocene age.
Landform: nearly level to very gently sloping soils are on valley flats and ancestral drainageways.
Slopes: 0 to 3 percent.
Mean annual air temperature: 14 to 17 degrees C (57 to 63 degrees F).
Mean annual precipitation: 432 to 533 millimeters (17 to 21 inches).
Frost-free period: 185 to 220 days.
Elevation: 792 to 1,189 meters (2,600 to 3,900 feet).
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 25 to 36.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the similar Gomez, Lenorah, Midessa, and Milsand series and the Arch, Arvana, Cedarlake, Drake, Kimberson, Portales, Sharvana, and Tokio series.
Arch soils are on similar landscape positions but have 18 to 30 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section and carbonatic mineralogy.
Arvana, Kimberson, and Sharvana soils are on higher landscape positions and have petrocalcic horizons.
Cedarlake soils are on lower landscape positions and have 18 to 35 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section and aquic conditions.
Drake soils are on higher landscape positions and have 18 to 35 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section.
Gomez soils are on slightly higher landscape positions.
Lenorah soils are on similar landscape positions.
Midessa and Milsand soils are on higher landscape positions.
Portales soils are on similar landscape positions but have 18 to 35 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section.
Tokio soils are on slightly higher landscape positions, have 18 to 35 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section, and have an argillic horizon.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained and moderately rapidly permeable. Surface
runoff is negligible on less than 1 percent slopes and very low on 1 to 3 percent slopes. These soils are rarely flooded for very brief periods. An apparent water table is at a depth of 150 cm (60 inches) to below 203 cm (80 inches) in the fall to spring months during most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for rangeland or wildlife but cotton and grain
sorghum are grown in some areas. The natural plant community is a mixture of
salt tolerant grasses and grass-like plants, forbs, and shrubs. The vegetation
on most of the site is a shrub dominant with saltcedar, Tamarix and Baccharis
being the two most prevalent species. Occasionally there will be a few willows
and cottonwoods present. In open areas and in the understory there are varying
amounts of alkali sacaton, Texas dropseed, creeping muhly, jointtail, sedge and
rushes, inland saltgrass, and occasionally some western wheatgrass. Forbs include
portulaca sp., kochia, smartweed, dock and annual forbs. This soil has been
correlated to the Wet Saline (R077CY689TX) ecological site in MLRA-77C.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Southern High Plains of western Texas and eastern New Mexico (sub-MLRA-77C). The series is of minor extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: MLRA-77 Soil Survey; Terry County, Texas; 1996.

REMARKS: Hindman was formerly included in the Gomez series.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon: 0 to 58 cm (0 to 23 inches). (A horizons).
Cambic horizon: 97 to 117 cm (38 to 46 inches). (Bwb horizon).
Calcic horizon: 117 to 152 cm (46 to 60 inches). (Bkb horizon).

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data from Terry County, Texas.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Characterization Laboratory, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas. S95TX-445-002; NSSL - S95TX-445-048 (Terry County, Texas)

Soil interpretations record: TX1325

Taxonomic version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.