LOCATION GLENHAM SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Glenham loam - on a convex southwest-facing slope of 3 percent in native grass. When described, the soil was dry throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.
A--0 to 3 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium granular structure; soft, very friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--3 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--9 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky; slightly plastic; shiny film on faces of peds; few pebbles; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of B2t horizon is 7 to 13 inches.)
Bk1--13 to 18 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few pebbles; few fine accumulations of carbonates; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 11 inches thick)
Bk2--18 to 38 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few pebbles; common fine accumulations of carbonates; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bk horizons is 8 to 33 inches.)
C--38 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; few fine faint relic mottles of gray (5Y 5/1) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine iron stains (5Y 5/6) moist; few pebbles; few fine nests of gypsum crystals; few fine accumulations of carbonates; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Sully County, South Dakota; about 17 miles east of Onida; 112 feet north and 780 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 2, T. 114 N., R. 74 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to carbonates ranges from 10 to 20 inches. The mollic epipedon is 7 to 19 inches thick. The soil can contain up to 10 percent by volume of pebbles and/or cobbles throughout the soil.
The A horizon has value of 3 to 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam or silt loam and is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and 3 or 4 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loam or clay loam averaging between 25 and 35 percent clay. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Bk horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 5 or 6 and 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is clay loam or loam. It contains few to many fine or medium accumulations of carbonates and is slightly or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 5Y to 10YR, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay loam or loam and is slightly or moderately alkaline. Few or common, faint or distinct mottles inherent to the parent material are in the lower part in most pedons. Few or common accumulations of gypsum and other salts are in the lower part of the C horizon in most pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Gosper, Houdek, Ree, Reventon, Verdigre, Wewela and Wineg series. Gosper and Ree soils formed in sandy and loamy alluvium and in addition, the Gosper soils typically contain less clay. Houdek soils typically have thicker sola, carbonates at greater depths and are more moist. Reventon soils are dry in the soil moisture control section during May and June. Verdigre soils have free carbonates below a depth of 18 inches. Wewela soils have clayey materials between 20 and 40 inches. Wineg soils have calcic horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Glenham soils are on nearly level to moderately steep uplands. Surfaces are plane or convex and slope gradients range from 0 to 15 percent. Glenham soils formed in loam or clay loam glacial till. The mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 49 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 16 to 20 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Betts, Cavo, Demky, Eakin, Java, Prosper, and Raber soils. Betts soils do not have a mollic epipedon and are typically on steeper parts of the landscape. Cavo and Demky soils have a natric horizon and are on smoother parts of the landscape. Eakin soils are fine-silty and are on similar landscapes. Java soils do not have an argillic horizon and are on crests and ridges above the Glenham soils. Prosper soils have a mollic epipedon greater than 20 inches thick and are in swales. Raber soils have a fine-textured argillic horizon and are on similar landscapes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Slow runoff on nearly level areas and medium on higher slopes. Permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are cropped to small grain, corn, feed grains and alfalfa. Native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, needleandthread, sideoats grama, blue grama, sedge and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central South Dakota. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hughes County, South Dakota, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 13 inches (A, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from a depth of about 3 to 13 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).