LOCATION HAMLET                  ND+MN

Established Series
JHT-ARG-JJB
03/2017

HAMLET SERIES

The Hamlet series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in fine-loamy till. These soils are on linear and concave slopes on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 570 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 4 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aquic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Hamlet loam, on a linear slope of 2 percent, in a map unit of Hamlet-Souris loams, 0 to 3 percent slopes, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 500 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1), very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; loam; weak cloddy structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine pores; about 3 percent pebbles; pH 7.0 (neutral); abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1--15 to 31 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 4/3) dry; loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; common fine pores; few faint patchy clay films on surfaces along pores; about 3 percent pebbles; pH 7.0 (neutral); clear smooth boundary.

Bw2--31 to 43 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots throughout; about 3 percent pebbles; pH 7.6 (slightly alkaline); clear wavy boundary.

Bk--43 to 70 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots throughout; common fine pores; common fine soft masses of carbonates; violent effervescence; common fine distinct gray (5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6 and 7.5YR 4/8) and common fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 5 percent pebbles; pH 8.2 (moderately alkaline); clear wavy boundary.

BCk--70 to 121 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3), light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) dry; clay loam; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; very few, very fine roots throughout; few fine pores; common fine soft masses of carbonates; strong effervescence; common fine distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6 and 7.5YR 4/8) and common fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 5 percent pebbles and 1 percent cobbles; pH 8.1 (moderately alkaline); gradual wavy boundary.

C--121 to 158 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3), light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) dry; clay loam; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine pores; strong effervescence; few fine masses of gypsum; common fine faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6 and 7.5YR 4/8) and common fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 5 percent pebbles and 1 percent cobbles; pH 8.0 (moderately alkaline); gradual wavy boundary.

Cy--158 to 200 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3), light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) dry; clay loam; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; strong effervescence; common fine and medium masses of gypsum; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and common fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 5 percent pebbles and 1 percent cobbles; pH 8.0 (moderately alkaline).

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area 55A-Northern Black Glaciated Plains; Renville County, North Dakota; about 18 miles north and 2 miles west of Norma; located about 1,485 feet south and 165 feet east of the northwest corner, section 31, T. 164 N., R. 87 W.; USGS Bowbells NE topographic quadrangle; latitude 48.991023, longitude -102.020617, WGS 84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--18 to 40 centimeters (typically includes the upper part of the Bw horizon)
Depth to carbonates--26 to 70 centimeters
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 3 percent cobbles, mixed lithology
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 35 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--30 to 52 percent
Depth to redoximorphic features--40 to 75 centimeters

Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3 moist, 3 or 4 dry
Chroma--1 moist or dry
Texture-Typically loam, clay loam, or silt loam, but range includes fine sandy loam
Clay content-16 to 30 percent
Sand content--25 to 55 percent
Reaction--pH 6.6 to 7.8
Thickness--13 to 25 centimeters

Some pedons have a thin A or BA horizon

Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--loam, clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content-- 16 to 30 percent
Sand content-- 25 to 52 percent
Reaction--pH 6.6 to 8.1
Thickness-- 12 to 45 centimeters
Some pedons have faint redoximorphic features in the lower part of the Bw horizon

Bk and BCk horizons:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 to 6 moist, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--typically loam or clay loam, but range includes silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content-- 18 to 52 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent-10 to 30 percent
Redoximorphic features--common to many, distinct or prominent depletions and concentrations
Reaction--pH 7.9 to 8.4
Thickness (combined)--37 to 85 centimeters

C horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--3 to 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--typically clay loam or loam, but range includes silt loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--18 to 52 percent
Reaction--pH 7.9 to 8.4
Redoximorphic features--few to common, distinct or prominent depletions and concentrations

Cy horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--3 to 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture-clay loam or loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--18 to 52 percent
Reaction--pH 7.9 to 9.0
Gypsum--5 to 10 percent
Redoximorphic features--few to common, distinct or prominent depletions and concentrations

In some pedons, the Cy is not present or is below 200 centimeters.
Some pedons have a 2C horizon containing higher amounts of sand below a depth of 100 centimeters.

COMPETING SERIES:
Aazdahl--have less than 30 percent sand in the 25 to 100 centimeter particle-size control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--fine-loamy till
Landform--level to undulating ground moraines; linear and concave slopes
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Elevation--290 to 650 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--2 to 8 degrees C (36 to 46 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--410 to 780 millimeters (16 to 31 inches)
Frost-free period--110 to 160 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Balaton, Souris, Svea, Tonka and Wyard soils.
Balaton--are on convex slopes and summits of rises and are calcareous to the surface
Souris--are on linear and convex slopes of rises and have redox features below a depth of 75 centimeters
Svea--are on foot slopes of rises and have a mollic epipedon greater than 40 centimeters thick
Tonka--are in depressions, and have an aquic moisture regime and an argillic horizon
Wyard--are on slightly lower on landscape positions ad have redox features within a depth of 40 centimeters

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--these soils are frequently saturated between a depth of 40 and 75 centimeters during the wettest part (April and May) of normal years; this saturation is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. Principal crops are small grains, canola, corn and soybeans. Native vegetation is green needlegrass, western wheatgrass, bearded wheatgrass, big bluestem, and a variety of forbs.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Section--Western Lake section
MLRAs--Northern Black Glaciated Plains (55A); Rolling Till Prairie (102A)
LRR--Northern Lake States Forest and Forage Region (K); Northern Great Plains Spring Wheat Region (F); north-central North Dakota and west-central Minnesota
Extent--large

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Renville County, North Dakota, 1972.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section-the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (Bw1, Bw2, Bk, and BCk horizons);
series control section--the zone form the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, Bw1, Bw2, Bk, BCk, and C horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface at the soil to a depth of 31 centimeters (Ap and Bw1 horizons);
aquic conditions--Endosaturation--40 to 75 centimeters;
redoximorphic features--Redoximorphic concentrations, Masses--43 to 200 centimeters; Redoximorphic depletions, Iron--43 to 158 centimeters
soil moisture control section--10 to 30 centimeters;
udic moisture regime;
soil temperature control section--0 to 50 centimeters;
frigid soil temperature regime.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data for similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

The classification was changed from the Oxyaquic subgroup to the Aquic subgroup after an extensive landscape investigation and pedon review.

Occurring in close association with Hamlet on convex slopes and summits in MLRA 55A is the series Souris which classifies as Oxyaquic Hapludolls, and has thin A and Bw horizons and a Bk horizon commonly found within a depth of 26 centimeters (10 inches). This series was formerly assigned as a taxadjunct to Hamlet.

In areas near to Glacial Lake Souris, the till appears to have been reworked by water action with lenses of silts and fine sands observed in some pedons. This area may need further investigation.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Pedon S2016ND075020 is the type location.
Laboratory data--pedons S1949ND075005, S1950ND075003, S1950ND075009, S2014ND075001, S2014ND075002, S2014ND075003, S2014ND075005, S2014ND075007 provide some additional accompanying data.
S50NDak-38-5, S49NDak-38-6 Soil Survey Investigations No.2, pages 2-3, and pages 238-239.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.