LOCATION TOKIO TX
Established Series
TCB-WMR-RM
08/2013
TOKIO SERIES
The Tokio series consists of very deep, well drained, and moderately permeable soils. These soils formed in recent sandy eolian deposits over calcareous, loamy lacustrine deposits from the Tahoka Formation of Pleistocene age. Tokio soils are on nearly level and very gently sloping eolian plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 483 millimeters (19 inches) and the mean annual air temperature is about 16 degrees C (61 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Calcidic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Tokio loamy fine sand, on a nearly level, slightly concave swale, 1 percent slope in cultivated field at an elevation of about 994 meters (3,260 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap1--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) loamy fine sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single grain; loose, very friable; many very fine and fine roots; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Ap2--10 to 28 cm (4 to 11 inches); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) loamy fine sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; common very fine and fine roots; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Ap horizons is 20 to 63 cm [8 to 25 inches])
Ab--28 to 66 cm (11 to 26 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (13 to 45 cm [5 to 18 inches] thick)
Btb--66 to 89 cm (26 to 35 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm; few fine roots; common fine and medium pores; common distinct clay films on vertical prism surfaces and few faint clay films on faces of peds; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (13 to 38 cm [5 to 15 inches] thick)
Btkb1--89 to 102 cm (35 to 40 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few very fine roots, common very fine and fine pores; common distinct clay films on vertical faces of prisms and few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 20 percent calcium carbonate by volume in the form of masses; 29 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Btkb2--102 to 119 cm (40 to 47 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) clay, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few very fine and fine pores; common faint clay films on vertical faces of prisms and few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 30 percent calcium carbonate by volume in the form of masses; 37 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Btkb3--119 to 145 cm (47 to 57 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few very fine and fine pores; common faint clay films on vertical faces of prisms and few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 35 percent calcium carbonate by volume in the form of masses; 40 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (combined thickness of the Btkb horizons is 38 to 76 cm [15 to 30 inches])
2Bkb1--145 to 165 cm (57 to 65 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; about 5 percent calcium carbonate by volume in the form of masses and nodules; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2Bkb2--165 to 180 cm (65 to 71 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; about 8 percent calcium carbonate by volume in the form of masses and nodules; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2Bkb3--180 to 196 cm (71 to 77 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine iron manganese coatings on faces of peds; about 10 percent calcium carbonate by volume in the form of masses; 21 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (combined thickness of the 2Bkb horizons is 38 to 76 cm [15 to 30 inches])
2Bkb4--196 to 203 cm (77 to 80 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine iron manganese coatings on faces of peds; about 8 percent calcium carbonate by volume in the form of masses; 19 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Terry County, Texas; From Meadow about 5 miles southwest on U.S. Highway 62; 2 miles east on County Road; 0.6 mile south on County Road; about 0.1 mile east in cropland field; Latitude: 33 degrees, 15 minutes, 51.5 seconds N; Longitude: 102 degrees, 12 minutes, 16.64 seconds W; Meadow, Texas USGS quad; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 220 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through
February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 15 to 18 degrees C (59 to 64 degrees F).
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 38 to 89 cm (15 to 35 inches).
Depth to calcic horizon: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 inches).
Particle-size control section: 18 to 35 percent silicate clay.
Solum thickness: more than 203 cm (80 inches).
Ap horizons:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Ab horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam
Effervescence: none or slight
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Btb horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy clay loam or clay loam
Visible calcium carbonate: less than 2 percent in the form of films or threads.
Effervescence: none or slight
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
Btkb horizons:
Hue: 10YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay
Visible calcium carbonate: 5 to 45 percent in the form of films, threads,
masses, and nodules.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 50 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline
2Bkb or Bkb horizons: (where present)
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy fine sandy, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Visible calcium carbonate: 3 to 30 percent in the form of films, threads,
Massses, and nodules.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 30 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Similar soils include the
Amarillo,
Brownfield,
Gomez,
Hindman,
Lenorah,
Levelland,
Seagraves, and
Zita series.
Amarillo soils: have a calcic horizon between 76 and 150 cm (30 and 60 inches) and do not have within 150 cm a clay decrease of 20 percent from the maximum.
Brownfield soils: have a sandy particle-size class that is 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 inches) thick overlying an argillic horizon.
Gomez and
Hindman soils: have 18 percent or less silicate clay in the particle-size control section.
Lenorah soils: have calcareous horizons above the calcic and do not have an argillic horizon.
Levelland soils: have less than 18 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section and a calcic horizon between 150 and 203 cm (60 and 80 inches).
Seagraves soils: have a superactive activity class and do not have a calcic horizon within 100 cm (40 inches).
Zita soils: have a mollic epipedon and do not have an argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: recent sandy eolian deposits over calcareous, loamy lacustrine deposits from the Tahoka Formation of Pleistocene age.
Landform: nearly level and very gently sloping, slightly concave swales on eolian plains.
Slopes: 0 to 3 percent.
Mean annual air temperature: 14 to 17 degrees C (57 to 63 degrees F).
Mean annual precipitation: 432 to 533 millimeters (17 to 21 inches).
Elevation: 823 to 1,311 meters (2,700 to 4,300 feet).
Frost-free period: 185 to 220 days.
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 25 to 36
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the similar
Amarillo,
Brownfield,
Gomez,
Hindman,
Lenorah, and
Seagraves series and also the
Arvana,
Lamesa,
Midessa,
Patricia, and
Posey series.
Amarillo,
Brownfield, and
Gomez soils are on higher landscape positions.
Arvana soils are on higher landscape positions and have a petrocalcic horizon.
Hindman and
Lenorah soils are on similar landscape positions.
Lamesa soils are on lower landscape positions and have aquic moisture conditions.
Midessa soils are on slightly higher landscape positions, have calcareous horizons above the calcic horizon, and do not have an argillic horizon.
Patricia soils are on higher landscape positions and have a calcic horizon between 150 and 203 cm (60 and 80 inches).
Posey soils are on slightly higher landscape positions and have calcareous horizons above the calcic horizon.
Seagraves soils are on lower landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Moderate permeability. Surface runoff
is negligible on 0 to 1 percent and low on 1 to 3 percent slopes.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly used for cropland but also used as native rangeland and wildlife habitat. Principal crops grown are cotton and grain sorghum. Climax vegetation is tall and mid grasses, with tall grasses tending to dominate. This
site is dominated by little and sand bluestem along with taller dropseed
species. The remainder is mid and short grasses such as sideoats grama, sand
dropseed, hooded windmillgrass, sand lovegrass, sand paspalum, fall witchgrass,
hairy grama, needle and thread, and perennial threeawn. Sand sage, shin-oak, and
skunkbush are also present. This soil has been correlated to the Sandy
(R077CY035TX) and Sandy Loam (R077CY036TX) ecological site in MLRA-77C.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern High Plains of western Texas and potentially,
eastern New Mexico (sub-MLRA-77C). The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: MLRA-77 Soil Survey; Terry County, Texas; 1995.
REMARKS: These soils were formerly included in the Brownfield and Zita series. Previous classification was Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic, Haplocalcidic Haplustepts
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: the zone from 66 to 117 cm [26 to 46 inches[. (upper 51 cm [20 inches] of the Bt horizon)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 66 cm (0 to 26 inches). (Ap and Ab horizons)
Argillic horizon: 66 to 145 cm (26 to 57 inches). (Bt and Btkb horizons)
Calcic horizon: 89 to 203 cm (35 to 80 inches). (Btkb and 2BCkb horizons)
Assignment of Cation Exchange Class is supported by laboratory sample nos. listed below
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL - S95TX-305-007 (Lynn County, Texas), S96TX-445-004 (Terry
County, Texas).
Soil Interpretations Record: TX1299
Taxonomic version: Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.