LOCATION HUBBARD                 MN+WI

Established Series
Rev. TCJ-TWN-JJB
07/2013

HUBBARD SERIES

The Hubbard series consists of very deep, excessively and well drained soils that formed in sandy glacial outwash or sandy alluvial sediments of the Late Wisconsin glaciation. These soils are on slightly concave to convex slopes on outwash plains, valley trains and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 730 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 6 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Hubbard loamy sand, in a map unit of Hubbard loamy sand, Mississippi River Valley, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on slightly convex, nearly level slope, on a stream terrace, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; few very fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; pH 6.0 (moderately acid); abrupt smooth boundary.

A--20 to 33 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; pH 6.8 (neutral); clear smooth boundary.

AB--33 to 50 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy coarse sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 2 percent gravel; pH 6.3 (slightly acid); clear wavy boundary.

Bw--50 to 81 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) loamy sand; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 3 percent gravel; pH 6.3 (slightly acid); gradual wavy boundary.

BC--81 to 117 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; about 4 percent gravel; pH 6.1 (slightly acid); gradual wavy boundary.

C1--117 to 152 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single grain; loose; about 1 percent gravel; pH 6.2 (slightly acid); gradual wavy boundary.

C2--152 to 203 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single grain; loose; about 10 percent gravel; pH 6.8 (neutral).

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) - Central Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91A); Sherburne County, Minnesota subset; located about 2 miles north and 1 1/2 miles west of Becker; located about 90 feet north and 1,150 feet east of the southwest corner of section 24, T. 34 N., R.29 W.; USGS Clear Lake topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 24 minutes 56 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 53 minutes 51 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 65 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--100 to over 200 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--2 to 6 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--85 to 95 percent, 50 to 85 percent medium sand and sand coarser than medium sand, 10 to 35 percent fine sand
Rock fragment content in the particle-size control section--0 to 10 percent

Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand
Clay content--4 to 8 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, mixed lithology, mostly 2 to 5 millimeters in size
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--18 to 50 centimeters

AB horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand
Clay content--4 to 8 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, mixed lithology, mostly 2 to 5 millimeters in size
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 30 centimeters

Bw horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand
Clay content--1 to 8 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, mixed lithology, mostly 2 to 5 millimeters in size
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 80 centimeters

BC horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand
Clay content--0 to 4 percent
Sand content--85 to 99 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, mixed lithology, 2 to 75 millimeters in size
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 60 centimeters

C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--coarse sand or sand
Clay content--0 to 4 percent
Sand content--90 to 99 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, mixed lithology, 2 to 75 millimeters in size
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 8.4

Some pedons have stratified layers with textures of fine sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly coarse sand below a depth of 150 centimeters

Some pedons have redoximorphic features below a depth 100 centimeters

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Kaks, Kost, Lohnes, and Maddock series.
Kaks--have a Bhs horizon with matrix hues of 5YR or 7.5YR and have a rock fragment content of more than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Kost--have less than 50 percent medium sand and sand coarser than medium sand in the particle-size control section
Maddock--have less than 30 percent medium sand and sand coarser than medium sand in the particle-size control section
Lohnes--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--sandy glacial outwash or sandy alluvial sediments of the Late Wisconsin glaciation
Landform--slightly concave to convex slopes on outwash plains, valley trains and stream terraces
Slope--0 to 35 percent
Elevation--180 to 650 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 9 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--550 to 910 millimeters
Frost-free period--80 to 170 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Duelm, Glendorado and Isan soils which are members of a drainage sequence with Hubbard soils.
Duelm--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.75 and 1.0 meters during April to June in normal years
Glendorado--are on lower landscape positions on foot slopes and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.4 and 0.6 meters during April to June in normal years
Isan--are on lower landscape positions on toeslopes, in drainageways, and in depressions and are saturated at the surface to a depth of 0.3 meters or are ponded during April to June in normal years

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--excessively drained to well drained--a saturated zone can occur between depth of 1.0 to 2.0 meters during April to June in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--()42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second (high to very high)

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops include corn, soybeans, dry edible beans, small grain, and hay. Many cropland areas are irrigated. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass and other grasses of the tall grass prairie with scattered bur oak trees and beaked or American hazelnut.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western lake section
MLRAs--Northern Minnesota Gray Drift (57),
Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern part (90A),
Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern part (90B),
Central Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91A),
Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91B) and,
Rolling Till Prairie (102A)
LRRs--Northern Lake States Forest and Forage Region (K) and Central Feed Grains and Livestock Region (M); northern and north-central Minnesota and western Wisconsin
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wadena County, Minnesota, 1926.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 50 centimeters (Ap, A and AB horizons).

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh addition, 2010.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Pedon 91AMN1926MN141OSD is the type location.
Laboratory data--Pedons 1990MN141-088 (4374), 1990MN141-026 (4375), and 73MN145(1675) have accompanying University of Minnesota lab data in KSSL.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.