LOCATION HYALITE MTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hyalite loam in cropland (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise indicated).
Ap--0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots and few medium roots; 5 percent pebbles and 5 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--5 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots and few medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent pebbles and 5 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
Bt2--8 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly clay loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots and few medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent pebbles and 5 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
2Bt3--17 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots and few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 30 percent cobbles and 25 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 11 inches thick)
3C--26 to 60 inches; variegated very cobbly loamy sand; massive; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots and few fine and medium roots; 30 percent cobbles and 30 percent pebbles; common distinct lime casts on undersides of coarse fragments; neutral (pH 7.3).
TYPE LOCATION: Gallatin County, Montana; 100 feet south and 300 feet east of the NW corner sec. 13, T. 3 S., R. 4 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 41 to 45 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 4 and 12 inches; not dry in all parts for 45 consecutive days in the four months following the summer solstice.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 7 to 15 inches.
Control section - 18 to 35 percent clay (argillic horizon).
Depth to 2Bt3 - 11 to 22 inches.
Ap horizon - Value: 3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent--0 to 5 percent pebbles; 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.1 to 7.3
Some pedons may have clay loam Ap horizons when cultivated.
Bt1 horizon - Value: 3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: clay loam, loam, silty clay loam
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent--0 to 10 percent pebbles; 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
Bt2 horizon - Value: 4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, loam
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 10 to 35 percent--5 to 25 percent pebbles; 5 to 10 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
2Bt3 horizon - Value: 4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 40 to 75 percent--20 to 40 percent pebbles; 20 to 35 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
3C horizon - Value: variegated
Chroma: variegated
Texture: loamy sand, sand, coarse sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 40 to 75 percent--20 to 40 percent pebbles; 20 to 35 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
Some pedons do not have a coating of lime on the undersides of coarse fragments.
COMPETING SERIES:
Absarook (MT) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Archmesa (CO) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Beartooth (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Beeno (WY) - have a paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Bielenberg (MT) - do not have a sandy-skeletal discontinuity.
Bookcliff (UT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Burtoner (MT) - have paralithic and lithic contacts between 20 and 40 inches.
Clancy (MT) - have a paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches and a lithic contact between 40 and 60 inches.
Clasoil (MT) - do not have a sandy-skeletal discontinuity.
Dooley (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Doughty (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Empedrado (CO) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Fairfield (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Farnuf (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Farside (MT) - do not have a sandy-skeletal discontinuity.
Felor (SD) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Greenway (SD) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Gurney (SD) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Hangdo (UT) - have hues redder than 10YR throughout the profile.
Hoppers (MT) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Jeffcity (MT) - have a paralithic and lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Kokoruda (MT) - do not have a sandy-skeletal discontinuity.
Livona (ND) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Martinsdale (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Maudlin (CO) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Meagher (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Moen (CO) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Moento (CO) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Pianohill (MT) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Placerton (MT) - have a paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches and a lithic contact between 40 and 60 inches.
Reeder (ND) - have a paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Reedwest (MT) - have a paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Sipple (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Snakejohn (UT) - have a lithic contact between 40 and 60 inches.
Sponseller (AZ) - have hues redder than 10YR throughout the profile.
Tragmon (CO) - do not have a sandy-skeletal discontinuity.
Trazuni (MT) - have less than 15 percent coarse fragments throughout.
Ulrant (WY) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Vida (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Watne (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Watrous (ND) - have a lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Wemple (MT) - have a paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches.
Williams (ND) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
Yegen (MT) - have horizons of carbonate accumulation.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - broad alluvial fans and stream terraces.
Elevation - 4,500 to 5,400 feet.
Slope - 0 to 4 percent.
Parent material - reworked alluvium from older alluvium and glacial outwash.
Climate - cool with long, cold winters; moist springs; and warm summers.
Mean annual precipitation - 15 to 19 inches, most of which falls as snow and spring rains.
Mean annual air temperature - 39 to 43 degrees F
Frost free period - 90 to 110 days.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; permeability is moderately slow in the argillic horizon and rapid in the 3C horizon.
USE AND VEGETATION: Hyalite soils are used mainly for irrigated and nonirrigated cropland, and pasture. The potential native vegetation is mainly bluebunch wheatgrass, rough fescue, Columbia needlegrass, and Richardson needlegrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Hyalite soils are of small extent in southwestern Montana.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gallatin County, Montana, 1997.
REMARKS: Soil interpretations records: MT1341, MT1342. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include: a mollic epipedon from the surface to 8 inches (A, Bt1 horizons); an argillic horizon that is the particle size control section from 5 to 17 inches (Bt1, Bt2 horizons); and skeletal material from 17 to 60 inches (2Bt3, 3C horizon). Hyalite soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime.